By: Anshu Tomar
Nanotechnology, focusing on materials sized 1-100 nm, has garnered significant interest for its applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and electronic devices. Nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, are pivotal in the development of advanced technologies such as drug delivery systems and nano-devices. Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods, including sol-gel, chemical precipitation, microwave, and chemical vapor deposition, often involve hazardous chemicals, posing environmental risks. Therefore, there is a crucial demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis approaches. Biological methods, utilizing microorganisms, enzymes, and plant extracts, have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional techniques. These methods offer a “greener” synthesis pathway, providing better control over crystal growth and nanoparticle stabilization. The biological synthesis of nanoparticles, particularly using plant biomass or extracts, is advantageous due to the presence of biomolecules such as proteins, vitamins, amino acids, and organic acids, which facilitate nanoparticle formation. This approach reduces the use of harmful solvents and reagents, ensuring milder reaction conditions and enhancing the biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles. Previously  studies have demonstrated the potential of green synthesis in producing stable and functional nanoparticles for various applications. Consequently, the development of clean, cost-effective, and sustainable methods for nanoparticle synthesis is of paramount importance, aligning with environmental and health safety standards.
Keywords– Nanomaterials, Crystal growth, Plant biomass, Chemical precipitation, Nanoparticle
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