By: T Ranganayaki
Vice Principal, Department of Nursing, JSS School of Nursing, Kollegal, Karnataka, India.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has become a revolutionary treatment for rebalancing the gut microbiome, especially in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). This comprehensive review delves into the evolution, methodologies, clinical applications, and future directions of FMT. Initially developed as a solution to combat severe gastrointestinal dysbiosis, FMT has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating CDI, with cure rates surpassing 80% in numerous studies. The review examines various FMT delivery methods, including oral capsules, colonoscopic infusion, and enema administration, each with distinct benefits and challenges. Recent advances in the understanding of gut microbiota’s role in health and disease have broadened FMT’s potential applications beyond CDI. New studies indicate that FMT could offer therapeutic benefits for various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Despite promising results, FMT is not without risks, including potential transmission of infectious agents and the challenge of ensuring donor safety and stool quality. The review also explores regulatory and ethical considerations surrounding FMT, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and guidelines to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Additionally, the review addresses the scientific and logistical hurdles that must be overcome for FMT to achieve broader acceptance and application. In conclusion, while FMT represents a significant advancement in microbiome-based therapies, ongoing research is crucial to fully elucidate its benefits, risks, and optimal usage. Future studies should focus on refining treatment protocols, improving donor screening processes, and expanding the range of treatable conditions to maximize the therapeutic potential of FMT.
Keywords: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), Gut microbiota, Therapeutic applications, Microbiome-based therapies
Citation:
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