By: Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez, Sylvia Fernández-Pavía, Gerardo Rodriguez-Alvarado, and Liliana Marquez-Benavides
1Professor, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Institute of Chemical-Biological Research. Ed-B3, University City. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México.
2Professor, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Fco J. Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
3Researcher, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Fco J. Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
4Research Profesor, Environmental Laboratory, Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Fco J. Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
The healthy growth of Zea mays (maize) requires NH4NO3/PO4–3 fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and phosphates), are applied in unregulated doses, are associated to denitrification, generating greenhouse gases, causing global warming, loss of soil productivity, and pollution of surface water in case of phosphates. An alternative is to decrease and optimize the dose of NH4NO3/PO4–3 by applying arbuscular vesicle fungi (AVF), to optimize, the dose of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, AVF endosymbionts for promoting, plant health growth. The aim of this study was to examine Zea may’s response to 50% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applied to Rhizophagus intraradices. According to randomized block experimental design with 50% NH4NO3/PO4–3, compared to the 100% recommended for Z. mays uninoculated with R. intraradices. The response factors are as follows: biomass: aerial and root fresh and dry weight: AFW/RFW/ADW/RDW to plant and flowering stages; phenology: plant height (HP) and root length (RL); percentage (%). In addition to the measurement of the acid and alkaline, phosphatase activity in R. intraradices and Z. mays together or separately. ANOVA/Tukey was utilized to assess the experimental data according to experimental design. The results indicated a positive effect of R. intraradices on the seed of Z. mays, as well as on seedling and flowering of Z. mays that, reached an RDW of 3.5 g, a statistically different numerical value, compared to 0.72 g RDW of Z. mays, at 100% NH4NO3/PO4–3 uninoculated with R. intraradices or regard as relative control (RC). The fact that 50% of NH4NO3/PO4–3 uptake by Z. mays was the maximum, was optimized by phytohormones of R. intraradices, that induced the proliferation of root hairs, with maximum capacity for radical uptake for the optimization of 50% NH4NO3/PO4–3, mainly by the increase in the activity of phosphatases: both acidic and lesser alkaline, in the radical tissue of Z. mays. In this way, the reduction and optimization of the NH4NO3/PO4–3dose, by both strains of R. intraradices was feasible; in this way the generation of greenhouse gases is reduced, that prevents global warming, loss of soil productivity, contamination of surface and groundwater by free phosphates, in support of a sustainable production of Z. mays.
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