Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles: AI enabled Ferromagnetic Resonance imaging and immunotherapy

Volume: 11 | Issue: 1 | Year 2025 | Subscription
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
Received Date: 03/04/2025
Acceptance Date: 03/06/2025
Published On: 2025-04-07
First Page:
Last Page:

Journal Menu

By: Gizachew Diga Milki

Abstract

Dilute magnetic semiconductors are attractive area of specialty in semiconductor technology, material engineering, and condensed matter system. The model employed to manipulate the Hamiltonian of the system is the Heisenberg Model. By considering, a cloud of electron gas and employing equation of state the fractions of demagnetization factors was determined. Besides, the thermodynamic relation between magnetization and temperature is determined by analyzing the Helmholtz free energy. In this research some of the peculiar properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors most reviewed. Most importantly the ferromagnetic resonance is studied for medical imaging applications.  For FMR probes, the sample magnetization results from the magnetic moments of dipolar-coupled but unpaired electrons. The relation between magnetization and magnetic flux density will be described by tuning magnetization, M to zero and then increasing it gradually. The resulting frequency versus magnetization curve is downward parabolic curves, resembling Gaussian distribution function which is sharper at tips. The side width sharpening is due to ferromagnetic spin confinement with increasing magnetic ion Mn2+ concentration. The basic parameters ascribing the resulting ferromagnetic resonance condition is investigated. By using the 3D exchange interaction model, the value of demagnetization factor that contribute to the formation of magnetization Peaks (0.1 & 0.9) is then determined. Furthermore, the angular dependence of ferromagnetic absorption frequency is investigated. It is expected that the ferromagnetic absorption frequency is directly proportional to the magnetic flux density, B. From ferromagnetic resonance studies, the nature of magnetic property is studied in Zn1−xMnxO and ZnxFe2-xO3 nanoparticles. This property enables leveraging the significance of ZnxFe2-xO3 and Zn1-xMnxO nanoparticles in AI enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and immunotherapy.

Keywords: Ferromagnetic resonance, flux density, medical imaging, demagnetization factors, resonance frequency

Loading

Citation:

How to cite this article: Gizachew Diga Milki, Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles: AI enabled Ferromagnetic Resonance imaging and immunotherapy. International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures. 2025; 11(1): -p.

How to cite this URL: Gizachew Diga Milki, Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles: AI enabled Ferromagnetic Resonance imaging and immunotherapy. International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures. 2025; 11(1): -p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/uncategorized/article=16047

Refrences:

  1. Shatnawi M, Alsmadi AM, Bsoul I, Salameh B, Mathai M, Alnawashi G, Alzoubi GM, Al-Dweri F, Bawa’aneh MS. Influence of Mn doping on the magnetic and optical properties of ZnO nanocrystalline particles. Results in Physics. 2016 Jan 1;6:1064-71.
  2. Fischer P, Sanz-Hernández D, Streubel R, Fernández-Pacheco A. Launching a new dimension with 3D magnetic nanostructures. APL Materials. 2020 Jan 1;8(1).
  3. Ochsenbein ST, Feng Y, Whitaker KM, Badaeva E, Liu WK, Li X, Gamelin DR. Charge-controlled magnetism in colloidal doped semiconductor nanocrystals. Nature nanotechnology. 2009 Oct;4(10):681-7.
  4. Nam-Trung N. Micro-magnetofluidics: interactions between magnetism and fluid flow on the microscale. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. 2012;12(1-4):1-6.
  5. Kittel C. Theory of the structure of ferromagnetic domains in films and small particles. Physical Review. 1946 Dec 1;70(11-12):965.
  6. Coffey WT, Kalmykov YP. Thermal fluctuations of magnetic nanoparticles: Fifty years after Brown. Journal of Applied Physics. 2012 Dec 15;112(12).
  7. Benguettat-El Mokhtari I, Schmool DS. Ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic oxide nanoparticules: a short review of theory and experiment. Magnetochemistry. 2023 Jul 25;9(8):191.
  8. Chen JQ, Chen C, Sun JJ, Zhang JW, Liu ZH, Qin L, Ning YQ, Wang LJ. Linewidth measurement of a narrow-linewidth laser: principles, methods, and systems. Sensors. 2024 Jun 5;24(11):3656.
  9. Sibera D, Jędrzejewski R, Mizeracki J, Presz A, Narkiewicz U, Łojkowski W. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Doped with Fe_2O_3-Hydrothermal Synthesis and Calcination Process. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2009 Dec;116(S).
  10. Zhao MH, Wang ZL, Mao SX. Piezoelectric characterization of individual zinc oxide nanobelt probed by piezoresponse force microscope. Nano Letters. 2004 Apr 14;4(4):587-90.
  11. Wu X, Wei Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Yang H, Jiang J. Optical and magnetic properties of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2014;2014(1):792102.
  12. Scherer C, Figueiredo Neto AM. Ferrofluids: properties and applications. Brazilian journal of physics. 2005;35:718-27.
  13. Foti G, Longo C. Deep learning and AI in reducing magnetic resonance imaging scanning time: advantages and pitfalls in clinical practice. Polish Journal of Radiology. 2024 Sep 13;89:e443.
  14. Hu Z, Song X, Ding L, Cai Y, Yu L, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Engineering Fe/Mn-doped zinc oxide nanosonosensitizers for ultrasound-activated and multiple ferroptosis-augmented nanodynamic tumor suppression. Materials Today Bio. 2022 Dec 1;16:100452.
  15. Ventola CL. The nanomedicine revolution: part 1: emerging concepts. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2012 Sep;37(9):512.
  16. Janisch R, Gopal P, Spaldin NA. Transition metal-doped TiO2 and ZnO—present status of the field. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 2005 Jun 24;17(27):R657.
  17. Tognarelli JM, Dawood M, Shariff MI, Grover VP, Crossey MM, Cox IJ, Taylor-Robinson SD, McPhail MJ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: principles and techniques: lessons for clinicians. Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology. 2015 Dec 1;5(4):320-8.
  18. Fischbach F, Bruhn H. Assessment of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the liver: a review. Liver International. 2008 Mar;28(3):297-307.
  19. Bałanda M. AC susceptibility studies of phase transitions and magnetic relaxation: Conventional, molecular and low-dimensional magnets. Acta physica polonica A. 2013 Dec;124(6):964-76.
  20. Pradhan AK, Hunter D, Zhang K, Dadson JB, Mohanty S, Williams TM, Lord K, Rakhimov RR, Roy UN, Cui Y, Burger A. Magnetic and spectroscopic characteristics of ZnMnO system. Applied surface science. 2005 Dec 15;252(5):1628-33.
  21. Simpson DA, Ryan RG, Hall LT, Panchenko E, Drew SC, Petrou S, Donnelly PS, Mulvaney P, Hollenberg LC. Quantum magnetic resonance microscopy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.04418. 2017 Feb 14.
  22. Sushkov AO, Lovchinsky I, Chisholm N, Walsworth RL, Park H, Lukin MD. Magnetic resonance detection of individual proton spins using quantum reporters. Physical review letters. 2014 Nov 7;113(19):197601.
  23. Lee KW. Ferromagnetic and transport properties of Mn-doped ZnO. Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 2008 Jan;52(1):106-11.
  24. Yuwita PE, Ardianti AD, Mas’udah KW. Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation method. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019 Apr 1 (Vol. 515, No. 1, p. 012065). IOP Publishing.
  25. Park KH, YYS EK, Son LS, Oh SK, Yu SC, Kang HJ. Magnetic and structural properties of Mn: ZnO thin film grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by using pulsed laser deposition. Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 2009 Dec 15;55(6):2685-8.
  26. Sato K, Bergqvist L, Kudrnovský J, Dederichs PH, Eriksson O, Turek I, Sanyal B, Bouzerar G, Katayama-Yoshida H, Dinh VA, Fukushima T. First-principles theory of dilute magnetic semiconductors. Reviews of modern physics. 2010 Apr;82(2):1633-90.
  27. Celinski Z, Urquhart KB, Heinrich B. Using ferromagnetic resonance to measure the magnetic moments of ultrathin films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 1997 Feb 1;166(1-2):6-26.
  28. Vegesna SV, Bhat VJ, Bürger D, Dellith J, Skorupa I, Schmidt OG, Schmidt H. Increased static dielectric constant in ZnMnO and ZnCoO thin films with bound magnetic polarons. Scientific reports. 2020 Apr 21;10(1):6698.
  29. Kupriyanova GS, Orlova AN. Simulation of the FMR Line Shape. Physics Procedia. 2016 Jan 1;82:32-7.
  30. Kobelev AV, Shvachko YN, Ustinov VV. Angular dependence of the FMR linewidth and the anisotropy of the relaxation time in iron garnets. The Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2016 Jan;117:9-15.
  31. Koshihara SY, Oiwa A, Hirasawa AM, Katsumoto S, Iye Y, Urano C, Takagi H, Munekata H. Ferromagnetic order induced by photogenerated carriers in magnetic III-V semiconductor heterostructures of (In, Mn) As/GaSb. Physical review letters. 1997 Jun 16;78(24):4617.
  32. Murzakhanov F, Mamin G, Voloshin A, Klimashina E, Putlyaev V, Doronin V, Bakhteev S, Yusupov R, Gafurov M, Orlinskii S. Conventional electron paramagnetic resonance of Mn2+ in synthetic hydroxyapatite at different concentrations of the doped manganese. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018 May 1 (Vol. 155, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing..
  33. Liu Y, Shah S, Tan J. Computational modeling of nanoparticle targeted drug delivery. Rev Nanosci Nanotechnol 1: 66–83 [Internet]. 2012
  34. Valezi DF, Vicentin BL, Mantovani AC, Di Mauro E. Applications of electron magnetic resonance in the study of soils, minerals, and iron oxides. InExperimental methods in the physical sciences 2019 Jan 1 (Vol. 50, pp. 203-217). Academic Press.
  35. Hervé M, Peter M, Balashov T, Wulfhekel W. Towards laterally resolved ferromagnetic resonance with spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Nanomaterials. 2019 May 31;9(6):827.
  36. Dobosz B, Krzyminiewski R, Kurczewska J, Schroeder G. The influence of surface modification, coating agents and pH value of aqueous solutions on physical properties of magnetite nanoparticles investigated by ESR method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2017 May 1;429:203-10.

 Previous Article
Next Article