This study elucidates how local cooling agents, such as coconut oil and jatropha oil, influence the mechanical characteristics of heat-treated mild steel. Tensile testing, Brinell hardness testing, and microstructural analysis were conducted on both heat-treated and untreated samples. The results show observable differences in the heat-treated materials’ mechanical characteristics. Specifically, the yield strength increased across all quenched media, while the ultimate tensile strength decreased for samples cooled with coconut oil (594.865 MPa) and water (585.292 MPa) compared to untreated samples. Various quenching media yield diverse microstructures that directly impact mechanical properties. Enhanced ductility was observed in most heat-treated samples, except for those cooled with water (20.22), which exhibited decreased ductility compared to untreated samples. Additionally, hardness improved in all heat-treated samples, except for those cooled with water (57.218 BHN), which showed decreased hardness compared to untreated samples. Moreover, microstructural analysis was solely conducted on the untreated sample, laying the groundwork for future experimental analysis.

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1. Rajan TV, Sharma CP, Sharma A. Heat treatment-principles and techniques. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi: 1988. p. 451.
2. Feng C, Tahir IK. The effect of quenching medium on the wear behaviour of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Sci. 2008; 43(2):788–792.
3. Sinha AK. Ferrous physical metallurgy butter worth, London: 1989. p. 56.
4. Kashim IB. Exploitation of ceramics material resources for sustainable development in selected parts of Nigeria. In2010 International Conference on Education and Management Technology. IEEE; 2010. pp. 422–425.
5. Hassan SB, Balogun SO, Aigbodion VS. Hardening characteristics of medium carbon steel using fresh Cassava liquid extract as quenchants. JOMME. 2009;4(2):55–61.
6. Keenha E. Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of high strength steel weld metals. Ph.D thesis, Chalmers University of Technology; 2004.
7. Caner S, Hakan-Gur CA. Simulation of the quenching process for predicting temperature, microstructure and residual stresses. J Mech Eng.. 2010;56(2): 93–103.
8. Cavaliere P, Cerri E, Leo P. Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of a Thixocast A356 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci. 2004;39:1653–1658.
9. Bohumil T, Steven D, Spanielka JS. Effect of agitation work on heat transfer during cooling in oil Isorapid 277HM. J Mech Eng.. 2012;58(2):102–106.
10. Civera C, Rivolta B, Simencio-Otero RL, Lúcio JG, Totten GE, Canale LD. Vegetable oils as quenchants for steels: residual stresses and dimensional changes. Mater Perform Charact. 2014;3(4):306–325.
11. Rana R, Singh SB. Automotive steels: design, metallurgy, processing and applications. Woodhead Publishing; 2016.
12. Eckel EJ, Mayfield RM, Wensch GW. Evaluation of the hardening power of quenching media for steel. University of Illinois. Engineering Experiment Station. Bulletin; 1951. no. 389.
13. Grishin SA, Churyukin YN. Evaluation of the cooling capacity of quenching media based on water. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1986;28(10):744–745.
14. Ndaliman MB. An microstructure on mechanical properties of high strength steel weld metals. AU J.T. 2006;10(2):1–4.
15. Moran TH. Foreign direct investment and development: The new policy agenda for developing countries and economies in transition. Peterson Institute; 1998.
16. Kerekes G, Baan MK, Felde I. Possibility of use bio oils as quenchant. In: MultiScience–XXX. MicroCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. Hungary: University of Miskolc; 2016.

This study elucidates how local cooling agents, such as coconut oil and jatropha oil, influence the mechanical characteristics of heat-treated mild steel. Tensile testing, Brinell hardness testing, and microstructural analysis were conducted on both heat-treated and untreated samples. The results show observable differences in the heat-treated materials’ mechanical characteristics. Specifically, the yield strength increased across all quenched media, while the ultimate tensile strength decreased for samples cooled with coconut oil (594.865 MPa) and water (585.292 MPa) compared to untreated samples. Various quenching media yield diverse microstructures that directly impact mechanical properties. Enhanced ductility was observed in most heat-treated samples, except for those cooled with water (20.22), which exhibited decreased ductility compared to untreated samples. Additionally, hardness improved in all heat-treated samples, except for those cooled with water (57.218 BHN), which showed decreased hardness compared to untreated samples. Moreover, microstructural analysis was solely conducted on the untreated sample, laying the groundwork for future experimental analysis.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Rajan TV, Sharma CP, Sharma A. Heat treatment-principles and techniques. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi: 1988. p. 451.
2. Feng C, Tahir IK. The effect of quenching medium on the wear behaviour of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Sci. 2008; 43(2):788–792.
3. Sinha AK. Ferrous physical metallurgy butter worth, London: 1989. p. 56.
4. Kashim IB. Exploitation of ceramics material resources for sustainable development in selected parts of Nigeria. In2010 International Conference on Education and Management Technology. IEEE; 2010. pp. 422–425.
5. Hassan SB, Balogun SO, Aigbodion VS. Hardening characteristics of medium carbon steel using fresh Cassava liquid extract as quenchants. JOMME. 2009;4(2):55–61.
6. Keenha E. Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of high strength steel weld metals. Ph.D thesis, Chalmers University of Technology; 2004.
7. Caner S, Hakan-Gur CA. Simulation of the quenching process for predicting temperature, microstructure and residual stresses. J Mech Eng.. 2010;56(2): 93–103.
8. Cavaliere P, Cerri E, Leo P. Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of a Thixocast A356 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci. 2004;39:1653–1658.
9. Bohumil T, Steven D, Spanielka JS. Effect of agitation work on heat transfer during cooling in oil Isorapid 277HM. J Mech Eng.. 2012;58(2):102–106.
10. Civera C, Rivolta B, Simencio-Otero RL, Lúcio JG, Totten GE, Canale LD. Vegetable oils as quenchants for steels: residual stresses and dimensional changes. Mater Perform Charact. 2014;3(4):306–325.
11. Rana R, Singh SB. Automotive steels: design, metallurgy, processing and applications. Woodhead Publishing; 2016.
12. Eckel EJ, Mayfield RM, Wensch GW. Evaluation of the hardening power of quenching media for steel. University of Illinois. Engineering Experiment Station. Bulletin; 1951. no. 389.
13. Grishin SA, Churyukin YN. Evaluation of the cooling capacity of quenching media based on water. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1986;28(10):744–745.
14. Ndaliman MB. An microstructure on mechanical properties of high strength steel weld metals. AU J.T. 2006;10(2):1–4.
15. Moran TH. Foreign direct investment and development: The new policy agenda for developing countries and economies in transition. Peterson Institute; 1998.
16. Kerekes G, Baan MK, Felde I. Possibility of use bio oils as quenchant. In: MultiScience–XXX. MicroCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. Hungary: University of Miskolc; 2016.