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By: Bangshidhar Goswami.
Former Assistant Professor; Metallurgical Engineering Department, RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.
The article explores the various failure mechanisms and preventive methods related to gas turbine blades, which operate under extreme mechanical and thermal conditions. The increasing demand for energy and efficiency in turbojet engines has led to larger and more complex turbomachines. As gas turbine blades are subjected to high operational temperatures, pressure, and stress, they are prone to multiple failure modes, including fatigue, creep, oxidation, corrosion, and erosion. To mitigate these issues, advancements in super-alloys and additive manufacturing techniques are being developed. Enhanced metallurgical properties and innovative cooling methods help protect blades from thermal stress. The study also highlights the importance of analyzing stress fields in blades using the conjugate heat transfer method, which demonstrates higher stress in temperature-sensitive materials. The impact of high-temperature corrosion, particularly in integrated coal gasification combined cycle plants, is addressed, showing how corrosive impurities in fuel gas cause significant damage to turbine materials. The life estimation of turbine blades, based on stress cycles and failure mechanisms, such as thermomechanical fatigue and corrosion, is also analyzed using various predictive models. Through case studies, the paper provides insights into the role of advanced alloys like IN738 and CMSX-4, failure investigation techniques, and the development of preventive strategies to extend the safe life of gas turbine blades while improving overall turbine efficiency and reliability.
Citation:
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