In this research work, the authors investigated the potential of ginger juice as a natural and eco- friendly agent for the decolorization of an azo dye under varying pH conditions. Specifically, the study focused on the probability of dye decolorization at pH 6 and pH 8 to understand the influence of acidic and alkaline environments. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a co- treatment agent was assessed. For each pH condition, experiments were conducted both in the presence and absence of H₂O₂ to evaluate its role in enhancing the decolorization process. The decolorization efficiency was quantified by measuring the percentage decolorization based on absorbance values obtained at the dye’s wavelength maximum using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The study was carried out over a significant duration of 60 days to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the dye degradation process. The results showed that at pH 6, the percentage of decolorization was 26.9% in the presence of H₂O₂ and 25.35% in its absence. At pH 8, slightly higher decolorization efficiency was observed, with values of 27.56% in the presence of H₂O₂ and 23.09% in its absence. These findings suggest that ginger juice exhibits promising potential for dye decolorization, with pH and the presence of hydrogen peroxide influencing the efficiency of the process. These results need more research and may be further optimized for better results with different factors, plant and microbial sources, and use of nutrients etc.

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1. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. The Chemistry Inside Spices & Herbs: Research & Developments. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: Bentham Science Publisher; 2024. 01–217p. doi:10.2174/97898151968321240401.

2. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. The Chemistry Inside Spices & Herbs: Research & Developments. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: Bentham Science Publisher; 2024. 01–209p.doi:10.2174/97898151968011240301.

3. Singh S, Chaurasia PK., Bharati SL. Pharmacological aspects of Essential Oils: Current & Future Trends. UK: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis; 2023. doi:10.1201/9781003389774.

4. Adiloğlu S. Heavy metal removal with phytoremediation. Adv Bioremed Phytoremed. 2018;4:115–126.doi:10.5772/intech open.70330.

5. Ite AE, Ibok UJ. Role of plants & microbes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils. Int J Environ Bioremediat Biodegrad. 2019;7(1):1–19. doi:10.12691/ijebb-7-1-1.

6. Luqman M, Butt TM, Tanvir A, et al. Role of plants & microbes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils. Afr J Agric Res. 2013;8(17):1591–1595. doi:10.5897/AJAR11.1111.

7. Tahir U, Yasmin A, Khan UH. Phytoremediation: Potential flora for synthetic dyestuff metabolism. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2016;28:119–130. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2015.05.009.

8. Dogra V, Kaur G, Kumar R, Prakash C. The importance of plant-microbe interaction for the bioremediation of dyes & heavy metals. In: Kumar V, Kumar M, Prasad R, editors. Phytobiont & Ecosystem Restitution. Singapore: Springer; 2018. p. 369–386. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1187-1_22.

9. El-Sadaawy MM, Agib NS. Removal of textile dyes by ecofriendly aquatic plants from wastewater: A review on plant species, mechanisms, & perspectives. Blue Economy. 2024;2(2):Article 1. doi:10.57241/2805-2994.1023.

10. Stanciu MC, Teacă CA. Natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels used for dye removal. Gels. 2024;10:243. doi:10.3390/gels10040243.

11. Garg S, Roy A, Bhat RA, Tonelli FM, Dar GH, Hakeem K, editors. Phytoremediation: An alternative approach for removal of dyes. In: Bhat RA, Tonelli FM, Dar GH, Hakeem K, editors. Phytoremediation. London: Academic Press; 2022. p. 369–386. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-89874-4.00005-4.

12. Shanmugam L, Ahire M, Nikam T. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, a potential plant species for degradation of textile azo dyes. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27:9349–9363. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07430-x.

13. Shah CN, George LB, Upadhyaya AM. Phytoremediation potential of an azo dye-malachite green. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2019;9(1):792–796. doi:10.21276/ijpbs.2019.9.1.100.

14. Priyanka JV, Krishnaswamy VG. Phytoremediation of mixed reactive azo dyes in contaminated water by Ceratophylum demersum & its toxicity analysis on other life forms. SPC J Environ Sci. 2019;1(2):16–25.

15. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL. Applicability of plants in detoxification of dyes in bioremediation: Green approaches for a clean & sustainable environment. In: Bharagava RN, et al., editors. Green Approaches for a Clean & Sustainable Environment. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2022. p. 249–262. doi:10.1201/9781003181224-16.

16. Herath IS, Udayanga D, Jayasanka DJ, Hewawasam C. Textile dye decolorization by white rot fungi – A review. Bioresour Technol Rep. 2024;25:101687. doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101687.

17. Nabeela, Khan SA, Mehmood S, Shabbir SB, Ali S, Alrefaei AF, Albeshr MF, et al. Efficacy of fungi in the decolorization & detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in aquatic environments. Microorganisms. 2023;11:703. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030703.

18. Nabilah B, Purnomo AS, Prasetyoko D, Rohmah AA. Methylene blue biodecolorization & biodegradation by immobilized mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride & Ralstonia pickettii into SA-PVA-Bentonite matrix. Arabian J Chem. 2023;16(8):104940. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104940.

19. Si J, Cui BK, Dai YC. Decolorization of chemically different dyes by white-rot fungi in submerged cultures. Ann Microbiol. 2013;63:1099–1108. doi:10.1007/s13213-012-0567-8.

20. Tania KA, Das EJ, Tahsin M, Bhuiyan MAR. Investigating the optimum conditions for azo dye (methyl orange & methyl red) decolorization from aqueous solution using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus): A mycoremediation approach. Bioremediation J. 2024;1–13. doi:10.1080/10889868.2024.238101

21. Pandey A, Pathak VM, Navneet, Rajput M. A feasible approach for azo-dye (methyl orange) degradation by textile effluent isolate Serratia marcescens ED1 strain for water sustainability: AST identification, degradation optimization & pathway hypothesis. Heliyon. 2024;10(11):e32339. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32339.

22. Farid MA, Ashraf AR, Sarfaraz R, Hassan SU, Naeem N, Naeem H. Simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue & methyl orange using a green synthesized Zn₉₈Mn_0.02O/BiOCl nanocomposite. New J Chem. 2024;48:887–897. doi:10.1039/D3NJ05085H.

23. BanF,Wei Y,Xin J,Ye C,XiaoA. Research progress on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye wastewater by light-assisted composite-modified Ag₃PO₄. Chem Select. 2024;9:e202303252. doi:10.1002/slct.202303252.

24. Haque MM, Hossen MN, Rahman A, Roy J, Talukder MR, Ahmed M, et al. Decolorization, degradation & detoxification of mutagenic dye Methyl orange by novel biofilm producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Chemosphere. 2024;346:140568. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140568.

25.   Purnomo AS, Prasetyoko D, El Messaoudi N, Rohmah AA, Hidayat AR, Subagyo R. Adsorption & biodegradation of the azo dye methyl orange using Ralstonia pickettii immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–alginate–hectorite beads (BHec-RP). RSC Adv. 2024;14:18277–18290. doi:10.1039/D3RA08692E.

In this research work, the authors investigated the potential of ginger juice as a natural and eco- friendly agent for the decolorization of an azo dye under varying pH conditions. Specifically, the study focused on the probability of dye decolorization at pH 6 and pH 8 to understand the influence of acidic and alkaline environments. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a co- treatment agent was assessed. For each pH condition, experiments were conducted both in the presence and absence of H₂O₂ to evaluate its role in enhancing the decolorization process. The decolorization efficiency was quantified by measuring the percentage decolorization based on absorbance values obtained at the dye’s wavelength maximum using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The study was carried out over a significant duration of 60 days to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the dye degradation process. The results showed that at pH 6, the percentage of decolorization was 26.9% in the presence of H₂O₂ and 25.35% in its absence. At pH 8, slightly higher decolorization efficiency was observed, with values of 27.56% in the presence of H₂O₂ and 23.09% in its absence. These findings suggest that ginger juice exhibits promising potential for dye decolorization, with pH and the presence of hydrogen peroxide influencing the efficiency of the process. These results need more research and may be further optimized for better results with different factors, plant and microbial sources, and use of nutrients etc.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. The Chemistry Inside Spices & Herbs: Research & Developments. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: Bentham Science Publisher; 2024. 01–217p. doi:10.2174/97898151968321240401.

2. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. The Chemistry Inside Spices & Herbs: Research & Developments. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: Bentham Science Publisher; 2024. 01–209p.doi:10.2174/97898151968011240301.

3. Singh S, Chaurasia PK., Bharati SL. Pharmacological aspects of Essential Oils: Current & Future Trends. UK: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis; 2023. doi:10.1201/9781003389774.

4. Adiloğlu S. Heavy metal removal with phytoremediation. Adv Bioremed Phytoremed. 2018;4:115–126.doi:10.5772/intech open.70330.

5. Ite AE, Ibok UJ. Role of plants & microbes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils. Int J Environ Bioremediat Biodegrad. 2019;7(1):1–19. doi:10.12691/ijebb-7-1-1.

6. Luqman M, Butt TM, Tanvir A, et al. Role of plants & microbes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils. Afr J Agric Res. 2013;8(17):1591–1595. doi:10.5897/AJAR11.1111.

7. Tahir U, Yasmin A, Khan UH. Phytoremediation: Potential flora for synthetic dyestuff metabolism. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2016;28:119–130. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2015.05.009.

8. Dogra V, Kaur G, Kumar R, Prakash C. The importance of plant-microbe interaction for the bioremediation of dyes & heavy metals. In: Kumar V, Kumar M, Prasad R, editors. Phytobiont & Ecosystem Restitution. Singapore: Springer; 2018. p. 369–386. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1187-1_22.

9. El-Sadaawy MM, Agib NS. Removal of textile dyes by ecofriendly aquatic plants from wastewater: A review on plant species, mechanisms, & perspectives. Blue Economy. 2024;2(2):Article 1. doi:10.57241/2805-2994.1023.

10. Stanciu MC, Teacă CA. Natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels used for dye removal. Gels. 2024;10:243. doi:10.3390/gels10040243.

11. Garg S, Roy A, Bhat RA, Tonelli FM, Dar GH, Hakeem K, editors. Phytoremediation: An alternative approach for removal of dyes. In: Bhat RA, Tonelli FM, Dar GH, Hakeem K, editors. Phytoremediation. London: Academic Press; 2022. p. 369–386. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-89874-4.00005-4.

12. Shanmugam L, Ahire M, Nikam T. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, a potential plant species for degradation of textile azo dyes. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27:9349–9363. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07430-x.

13. Shah CN, George LB, Upadhyaya AM. Phytoremediation potential of an azo dye-malachite green. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2019;9(1):792–796. doi:10.21276/ijpbs.2019.9.1.100.

14. Priyanka JV, Krishnaswamy VG. Phytoremediation of mixed reactive azo dyes in contaminated water by Ceratophylum demersum & its toxicity analysis on other life forms. SPC J Environ Sci. 2019;1(2):16–25.

15. Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL. Applicability of plants in detoxification of dyes in bioremediation: Green approaches for a clean & sustainable environment. In: Bharagava RN, et al., editors. Green Approaches for a Clean & Sustainable Environment. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2022. p. 249–262. doi:10.1201/9781003181224-16.

16. Herath IS, Udayanga D, Jayasanka DJ, Hewawasam C. Textile dye decolorization by white rot fungi – A review. Bioresour Technol Rep. 2024;25:101687. doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101687.

17. Nabeela, Khan SA, Mehmood S, Shabbir SB, Ali S, Alrefaei AF, Albeshr MF, et al. Efficacy of fungi in the decolorization & detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in aquatic environments. Microorganisms. 2023;11:703. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030703.

18. Nabilah B, Purnomo AS, Prasetyoko D, Rohmah AA. Methylene blue biodecolorization & biodegradation by immobilized mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride & Ralstonia pickettii into SA-PVA-Bentonite matrix. Arabian J Chem. 2023;16(8):104940. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104940.

19. Si J, Cui BK, Dai YC. Decolorization of chemically different dyes by white-rot fungi in submerged cultures. Ann Microbiol. 2013;63:1099–1108. doi:10.1007/s13213-012-0567-8.

20. Tania KA, Das EJ, Tahsin M, Bhuiyan MAR. Investigating the optimum conditions for azo dye (methyl orange & methyl red) decolorization from aqueous solution using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus): A mycoremediation approach. Bioremediation J. 2024;1–13. doi:10.1080/10889868.2024.238101

21. Pandey A, Pathak VM, Navneet, Rajput M. A feasible approach for azo-dye (methyl orange) degradation by textile effluent isolate Serratia marcescens ED1 strain for water sustainability: AST identification, degradation optimization & pathway hypothesis. Heliyon. 2024;10(11):e32339. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32339.

22. Farid MA, Ashraf AR, Sarfaraz R, Hassan SU, Naeem N, Naeem H. Simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue & methyl orange using a green synthesized Zn₉₈Mn_0.02O/BiOCl nanocomposite. New J Chem. 2024;48:887–897. doi:10.1039/D3NJ05085H.

23. BanF,Wei Y,Xin J,Ye C,XiaoA. Research progress on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye wastewater by light-assisted composite-modified Ag₃PO₄. Chem Select. 2024;9:e202303252. doi:10.1002/slct.202303252.

24. Haque MM, Hossen MN, Rahman A, Roy J, Talukder MR, Ahmed M, et al. Decolorization, degradation & detoxification of mutagenic dye Methyl orange by novel biofilm producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Chemosphere. 2024;346:140568. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140568.

25.   Purnomo AS, Prasetyoko D, El Messaoudi N, Rohmah AA, Hidayat AR, Subagyo R. Adsorption & biodegradation of the azo dye methyl orange using Ralstonia pickettii immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–alginate–hectorite beads (BHec-RP). RSC Adv. 2024;14:18277–18290. doi:10.1039/D3RA08692E.