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By: Veeresh Patil, Ganesh M R, Vishwas konda, Samarth, and Keerthan s gowda.
1 Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mijar, Moodubidire, D.K., Karnataka, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mijar, Moodubidire, D.K., Karnataka, India
3-5 Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mijar, Moodubidire, D.K., Karnataka, India
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing as it is known widely, has evolved significantly from being a prototyping technology to an end-use production technique across different industrial sectors. This groundbreaking technology allows for the direct creation of intricate, user-designed, and high-performance components through sequential addition of material from digital models, which abolishes most of the design and production constraints of conventional manufacturing. Its application is underscored by its pivotal function as a component of Industry 4.0, with the contribution being digitalization, automation, and interconnectedness.
AM offers various benefits, including significant reductions in tooling cost, material, and lead time, along with improved design freedom, part integration, and the ability to produce light-weighted structures and multifunctional parts. Such benefits are commercially used in many fields, including aerospace, medicine, automobile, and energy, where AM enables the production of valuable components such as rocket engine parts, personalized implants, and complex heat exchangers.
Although it has enormous potential, AM is confronted by several challenges which call for sustained research and development. These involve relatively sluggish production rates, surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and internal flaws like porosity and residual stresses. Material limitations, exorbitant feedstock prices, and the requirement for stringent qualification and standardisation processes are also major hindrances towards broader utilization.
Emerging technologies are overcoming these limitations through innovations in hybrid manufacturing, the joining of intelligent manufacturing technologies like AI, machine learning, and big data analytics for better monitoring and control of processes, and the finding of new materials such as functionally graded and multi-materials. The use of 4D printing and advances in green practices also speak to the dynamic nature of this industry. This review provides a detailed description of AM, including its fundamental principles, key processes, multiple materials, primary applications, current issues, and future prospects, serving as a useful guide for scientists and engineers.
Key Words: Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, Vat Photopolymerization (VPP),Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM),Laser Metal Deposition (LMD).
Citation:
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