Chemical Engineering Aspects of Carrageenan Hydrogel–Silver Composite Systems: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance

Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Year 2026 | Subscription
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing
Received Date: 12/30/2025
Acceptance Date: 01/28/2026
Published On: 2026-02-23
First Page: 7
Last Page: 27

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https://doi.org/10.37628/ijocep.v12i1.24597

By: Sakshi Chaudhary, Bibhas K. Bhunia, and Jayanand Manjhi.

1Research of Scholar, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed-to-be-University), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
3Professor, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed-to-be-University), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract

This review presents a green chemistry-driven strategy for the synthesis, design, and chemical engineering of carrageenan-based hydrogel matrices embedded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for advanced biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated through an environmentally benign route employing natural biopolymeric reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for hazardous chemical reagents and minimizing ecological impact. The synthesized AgNPs were subsequently incorporated into κ-carrageenan hydrogel networks under controlled physicochemical conditions to achieve uniform dispersion and stable nanocomposite formation. Carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide derived from red seaweed, serves as an excellent hydrogel matrix due to its intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, gel-forming capability, and bio-adhesive characteristics. Detailed evaluation of molecular-level interactions between carrageenan polymer chains and embedded AgNPs revealed significant modulation of hydrogel cross-linking density, viscoelastic behavior, swelling capacity, mechanical integrity, and controlled ion-release kinetics. The resulting nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrated enhanced physicochemical and biological functionality, including sustained silver ion release, structural stability, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Furthermore, the integration of green nanoparticle synthesis with sustainable polymer network engineering provides a scalable and eco-conscious platform for next-generation biomaterials. The study emphasizes the potential of carrageenan–AgNP hydrogel systems as multifunctional materials suitable for diverse biomedical applications, including antimicrobial coatings, wound healing scaffolds, targeted drug delivery systems, biosensing interfaces, and regenerative tissue engineering. Overall, this review underscores the importance of combining green nanotechnology principles with advanced hydrogel design to develop safe, sustainable, and high-performance biomedical materials. Future studies should prioritize clinical validation, scalability, and long-term safety.

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How to cite this article: Sakshi Chaudhary, Bibhas K. Bhunia, and Jayanand Manjhi Chemical Engineering Aspects of Carrageenan Hydrogel–Silver Composite Systems: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2026; 12(1): 7-27p.

How to cite this URL: Sakshi Chaudhary, Bibhas K. Bhunia, and Jayanand Manjhi, Chemical Engineering Aspects of Carrageenan Hydrogel–Silver Composite Systems: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2026; 12(1): 7-27p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/ijocep/article=24597

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