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By: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat.
Professor and Head, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Broadband communication networks have experienced rapid growth due to the increasing demand for high-speed wireless connectivity, multimedia services, cloud computing, and Internet-based applications. As network traffic and user density continue to rise, efficient power management has become an essential requirement for maintaining communication quality, improving spectrum utilization, and reducing overall energy consumption. Adaptive power control methods play a critical role in optimizing transmission performance by dynamically adjusting signal power according to network conditions, channel quality, user mobility, and interference levels. This review paper presents a comprehensive study of adaptive power control techniques used in modern broadband networks. The paper examines various power control approaches including centralized control, distributed control, closed-loop power adjustment, open-loop techniques, and artificial intelligence- based optimization methods. The impact of adaptive power control on interference mitigation, energy efficiency, network capacity, and quality of service is critically analyzed. In addition, the review discusses the application of these techniques in heterogeneous cellular networks, multiple-input multiple-output systems, wireless sensor networks, and fifth-generation communication systems. The study further highlights recent advancements involving machine learning, reinforcement learning, and self-organizing network architectures for intelligent power management. Challenges related to scalability, signal fading, mobility management, and real-time optimization are also explored. The review concludes that adaptive power control remains a key enabling technology for improving the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of future broadband communication networks.
Keywords – Adaptive Power Control, Broadband Communication Networks, Interference Management, Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication, Intelligent Power Optimization
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