Natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic fiber composites owing to their environmental sustainability, low density, and competitive specific mechanical properties. However, a comprehensive and simultaneous evaluation of both mechanical and thermal performance of jute/sisal hybrid natural fiber epoxy composites under systematic fiber treatment conditions remains insufficiently addressed in the literature. The present study investigates the mechanical and thermal characterization of jute and sisal fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites fabricated via hand lay-up combined with compression molding at three fiber volume fractions (30%, 40%, and 50 vol%). Fiber surfaces were treated with a 5 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to enhance fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. Mechanical properties – including tensile strength, flexural strength, and Charpy impact energy – were evaluated in accordance with ASTM D638, ASTM D790, and ASTM D256 standards, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to assess thermal stability and glass transition behavior. The 40 vol% composite demonstrated the most favorable combination of properties, achieving a tensile strength of 87.4 MPa, flexural strength of 134.2 MPa, impact energy of 42.8 kJ/m², decomposition onset temperature of 318°C, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 94.6°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed enhanced fiber–matrix bonding in alkali-treated specimens. The specific tensile strength of the optimized composite was found to be 71.6 kN·m/kg, indicating viable deployment in lightweight structural applications. These findings establish a consolidated dataset supporting the structural adoption of jute–sisal epoxy composites as eco-efficient alternatives in the automotive, construction, and marine sectors.

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