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By: Bhavesh L. Dhandhukiya and Pooja A. Shah.
1& 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Shree Swaminarayan College of Computer Science, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
Green computing, also referred to as sustainable computing, addresses the urgent need to reduce the environmental impact associated with the design, operation, and end-of-life management of computing systems. As global reliance on digital technologies continues to expand rapidly, the demand for energy-intensive infrastructure such as data centers, cloud platforms, and network systems has increased significantly. This growth has led to rising energy consumption, higher carbon emissions, and an alarming accumulation of electronic waste, making sustainability a critical concern for the information technology sector. This paper explores the fundamental principles and objectives of green computing, emphasizing the importance of energy efficiency, resource optimization, and environmentally responsible practices throughout the computing lifecycle. It provides an in-depth analysis of key technologies and strategies, including sustainable data center architecture, low-power and energy-efficient hardware components, server virtualization, and green software engineering practices that aim to reduce computational overhead. Furthermore, the study highlights emerging trends such as carbon-aware computing, which adapts workload based on carbon intensity, and the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources in cloud computing environments. The paper also discusses the technical, economic, and organizational challenges that hinder the widespread implementation of green computing solutions. Finally, it outlines potential future research directions and policy considerations that can support the development of resilient, energy-conscious, and sustainable digital ecosystems, contributing to long-term environmental and economic benefits
Citation:
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