Pranavu P Pillai, Mohammed Faiz Faisal, Febin Tomy, Joshin Alex Koshy, Ranjitha Rajan, Praseeda B Nair | International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies | Vol 12, Issue 02 | ISSN: 2456-723X
Abstract
This project presents the design and implementation of an Edge AI-Based Smart Passenger Protection System to enhance passenger safety during hazardous situations inside vehicles. The system integrates an MQ-2 gas sensor, an impact sensor, an Edge AI-enabled microcontroller, a two-channel relay module, and a buzzer to provide intelligent and autonomous safety responses in real time. The gas sensor continuously monitors the air quality inside the vehicle cabin, while the Edge AI model analyzes sensor patterns to classify hazardous conditions such as smoke, gas leakage, and fire-related events. When a dangerous condition is detected, the system automatically activates a relay to lower the vehicle windows, allowing fresh air to circulate, while simultaneously triggering a buzzer to alert passengers.In addition, the impact sensor detects collisions or sudden shocks, and the Edge AI module classifies accidents as mild, medium, or major based on the severity of the event. Upon detecting a collision, the system autonomously unlocks the vehicle doors to facilitate quick evacuation or rescue operations. Furthermore, an SOS emergency message containing the accident severity level and optional GPS location information can be transmitted to designated contacts. The use of Edge AI ensures low latency, improved reliability, and adaptive decision-making, making the proposed system a scalable and efficient solution for next-generation intelligent vehicle safety applications.
Keyword - Edge AI, Smart Passenger Protection System, Vehicle Safety, Gas Detection, Collision
Detection, Accident Severity Classification, SOS Alert System, Embedded Systems.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
SubscribePurchase this articleInstitutional / Login accessReferences
- MESSATFA C, SIRADJ MA, MEDOUKALI H. Automated Emergency System for Lowering Vehicle Windows and Opening Doors in case of Fire and Collision (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghardaia).
- Takeuchi K, Ishida M. Development of Automatic Door Lock System to Help Prevent Collisions between Opened Doors and Approaching Vehicles When Exiting Vehicle. SAE Technical Paper; 2022 Mar 29.
- Ou K. Intelligent opening and closing system of doors and windows. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019 Apr 1 (Vol. 252, No. 2, p. 022010). IOP Publishing.
- Giesbrecht GG, Percher M, Brunet P, Yanik R, Alexander M, Bellemare A, Rawal Y, Amassian A, Mcdonald G. An automatic window opening system to prevent drowning in vehicles sinking in water. Cogent engineering. 2017 Dec 1;4(1).
- Song Y, Chitturi MV, Noyce DA. Automated vehicle crash sequences: Patterns and potential uses in safety testing. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021 Apr 1;153:106017.
- Mamduhi MH, Hashemi E, Baras JS, Johansson KH. Event-triggered add-on safety for connected and automated vehicles using road-side network infrastructure. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2020 Jan 1;53(2):15154-60.
- Ahn H, Del Vecchio D. Safety verification and control for collision avoidance at road intersections. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 2017 Jul 20;63(3):630-42.
- Grover C, Knight I, Okoro F, Simmons I, Couper G, Massie P, Smith B. Automated emergency brake systems: Technical requirements, costs and benefits. Automated emergency brake systems: technical requirements, costs and benefits. 2013 Jan 10;1(1):1-09.
- Strolz M, Mortl A, Graf M, Buss M. Development, control, and evaluation of an actuated car door. IEEE Transactions on Haptics. 2009 May 26;2(3):170-80.
- Baharuddin MI, Khamis NK, Kassim KA, Mansor MR. Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB) for pedestrian for ASEAN NCAP safety rating consideration: A review. Journal of the society of automotive engineers malaysia. 2019;3(1):63-73.
- Majumdar S, Szolga LA, Kirkley S. IoT-Enabled Autonomous Vehicles for Wildfire Relief: A System of Systems Approach. In2025 13th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON) 2025 Mar 5 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
- Karnam VS. Intelligent SOS (Safety and Security operations): Real-Time Surveillance with Risk Forecasting and Assessment of SOS (Safety and Security operations) using Edge-AI and Cloud Infrastructure. Journal Of Multidisciplinary. 2025 Jul 17;5(7):552-62.A. Arooj, M. S. Farooq, T. Umer, and R. U. Shan, “Cognitive Internet of Vehicles and Disaster Management: A Proposed Architecture and Future Direction,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 33, no. 8, e3625, 2022.
- Ramos-Sorroche E, Rubio-Aparicio J, Santa J, Guardiola C, Egea-Lopez E. In-cabin and outdoor environmental monitoring in vehicular scenarios with distributed computing. Internet of Things. 2024 Apr 1;25:101009.
- Geddam R, Zuhair M. AIoVTA: Vehicular Things for In-Cabin Air Quality Monitoring and Maintenance for the Wellness of the Occupants. InInternational Conference on Advanced Communications and Machine Intelligence 2024 Oct 18 (pp. 179-189). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
How to cite this article
@article{PillaiPP2026,
author = {Pranavu P Pillai and Mohammed Faiz Faisal and Febin Tomy and Joshin Alex Koshy and Ranjitha Rajan and Praseeda B Nair},
title = {Edge AI-Based Smart Passenger Protection Systemwith Accident Severity Classification andAutonomous SOS Communication},
journal = {International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {02},
issn = {2456-723X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijeset/article=27207}
}