The total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation with the action of bio-stimulant using NPK fertilizer was monitored with respect to different concentration of dosages. The nature of the curve in relationship to the establishment of the equation of the line as well as the square root of the best of each line or curve was considered. The application of this concept enhanced the determination of the kinetic values of each bioreactor process, and the slope and the intercept values were determined for each curve. The obtained values were related to the Monod equation, and this concept was used to determine the maximum specific rate of TPH degradation as well as the equilibrium constant of TPH degradation. The investigation revealed the dosage effect of the reciprocal of 1/µ against reciprocal of TPH degradation for NPK sample at different remediant dosages introduced in each bioreactor set-up to monitor the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. The parameters and coefficients of the maximum specific rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation were evaluated using the expression of Km/µmax = slope, and the dissociation constant of total petroleum hydrocarbon was determined by using the mathematical expression of 1/µmax = intercept, which demonstrates the conceptual approach of Monod model. Furthermore, the relationship established between the reciprocal plots and degradation kinetics provided a reliable method for evaluating bioreactor performance under varying nutrient conditions. This approach ensured a systematic understanding of how bio-stimulant dosage influences microbial activity and degradation efficiency, thereby strengthening the applicability of the Monod kinetic model in analyzing total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation processes.

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1. Ukpaka CP, Douglas IE. Model development for pH, salinity and conductivity monitoring and predicting the diffusion concentration in stagnant water. Chem Sci J. 2016;7(1):1–5.
2. Brown RA, Hinchee RE, Norris RD, Wilson JT. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: a flexible, variable speed technology. Remediat J. 1996;6(3):95–109.
3. Chaineau CH, Morel JL, Oudot J. Biodegradation of fuel oil hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of maize. J Environ Qual. 2000;29(2):569–578. doi: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020027x
4. Ukpaka CP. Examination of plant growth on improved soil environment polluted with crude oil bioremediation concept. Curr Sci Perspect. 2017;3(2):67–77.
5. Gaiero JR, McCall CA, Thompson KA, Day NJ, Best AS, Dunfield KE. Inside the root microbiome: bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion. Am J Bot. 2013;100(9):1738–1750.
6. Ukpaka CP, Amadi SA. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on bioremediation of crude oil polluted land. Int J Sci Res Eng. 2016;2(2):79–88.
7. Glick BR, Todorovic B, Czarny J, Cheng Z, Duan J, McConkey B. Promotion of plant growth by bacterial ACC deaminase. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2007;26(5-6):227–242.
8. Bilotta GS, Brazier RE. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water Res. 2008;42(12):2849–2861.
9. Asgari A, Nabizadeh R, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Dehghani MH, Nazmara S, et al. Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons from acidic sludge produced by re-refinery industries of waste oil using in-vessel composting. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017;15(1):3.
10. Ukpaka CP. Comparison of degradation of benzene, toluene and phenol in both fresh and salt water media. Curr Sci Perspect. 2016;2(4):105–115.

The total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation with the action of bio-stimulant using NPK fertilizer was monitored with respect to different concentration of dosages. The nature of the curve in relationship to the establishment of the equation of the line as well as the square root of the best of each line or curve was considered. The application of this concept enhanced the determination of the kinetic values of each bioreactor process, and the slope and the intercept values were determined for each curve. The obtained values were related to the Monod equation, and this concept was used to determine the maximum specific rate of TPH degradation as well as the equilibrium constant of TPH degradation. The investigation revealed the dosage effect of the reciprocal of 1/µ against reciprocal of TPH degradation for NPK sample at different remediant dosages introduced in each bioreactor set-up to monitor the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. The parameters and coefficients of the maximum specific rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation were evaluated using the expression of Km/µmax = slope, and the dissociation constant of total petroleum hydrocarbon was determined by using the mathematical expression of 1/µmax = intercept, which demonstrates the conceptual approach of Monod model. Furthermore, the relationship established between the reciprocal plots and degradation kinetics provided a reliable method for evaluating bioreactor performance under varying nutrient conditions. This approach ensured a systematic understanding of how bio-stimulant dosage influences microbial activity and degradation efficiency, thereby strengthening the applicability of the Monod kinetic model in analyzing total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation processes.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Ukpaka CP, Douglas IE. Model development for pH, salinity and conductivity monitoring and predicting the diffusion concentration in stagnant water. Chem Sci J. 2016;7(1):1–5.
2. Brown RA, Hinchee RE, Norris RD, Wilson JT. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: a flexible, variable speed technology. Remediat J. 1996;6(3):95–109.
3. Chaineau CH, Morel JL, Oudot J. Biodegradation of fuel oil hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of maize. J Environ Qual. 2000;29(2):569–578. doi: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020027x
4. Ukpaka CP. Examination of plant growth on improved soil environment polluted with crude oil bioremediation concept. Curr Sci Perspect. 2017;3(2):67–77.
5. Gaiero JR, McCall CA, Thompson KA, Day NJ, Best AS, Dunfield KE. Inside the root microbiome: bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion. Am J Bot. 2013;100(9):1738–1750.
6. Ukpaka CP, Amadi SA. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on bioremediation of crude oil polluted land. Int J Sci Res Eng. 2016;2(2):79–88.
7. Glick BR, Todorovic B, Czarny J, Cheng Z, Duan J, McConkey B. Promotion of plant growth by bacterial ACC deaminase. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2007;26(5-6):227–242.
8. Bilotta GS, Brazier RE. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water Res. 2008;42(12):2849–2861.
9. Asgari A, Nabizadeh R, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Dehghani MH, Nazmara S, et al. Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons from acidic sludge produced by re-refinery industries of waste oil using in-vessel composting. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017;15(1):3.
10. Ukpaka CP. Comparison of degradation of benzene, toluene and phenol in both fresh and salt water media. Curr Sci Perspect. 2016;2(4):105–115.