On September 28, 2026

Eco-Friendly Starch-Iron-Oxide Nanoblends from FruitPeel Waste – A Green Waste Valorization Approach

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Utilization of agricultural wastes for production of useful biomaterials has attracted a lot of interest due
to their environmental and economic benefits. In the present study, green banana peels were used as bio sustainable raw materials from which starch was extracted, and pomegranate peels were used as an eco-
friendly raw material for the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. The green banana peels were also found to be a potential source of biodegradable polymeric material by successfully isolating starch
from the peels, which is 6% yield. It was identified that extracted starch has structural integrity and the presence of specific functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and
Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic methods. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using
an eco-friendly approach called “green synthesis” where the natural reducing agent and stabilizer was
pomegranate peel extract. Synthetic nanoparticles were characterized with the help of X-ray Diffraction
(XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy to ensure the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles and to determine
their crystalline structure. Then the fabricated starch–iron oxide nanoblends were used to improve the
starch functional and antimicrobial properties when the green synthesized nanoparticles were introduced
to starch matrix. Evaluation of antimicrobial property of the pure starch and starch with iron oxide blend
was done by agar well diffusion method against the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). The pure starch
had no significant antibacterial activity, while the starch–nanoparticle nanoblend had a clear zone of
inhibition of 14 mm. The findings of this study, on the other hand, demonstrate that waste-to-wealth
valorization of fruit-processing residues to functional biomaterials is feasible. The produced starch–iron
oxide nanocomposite is also determined to possess excellent antimicrobial properties that could be used
in the formulation of food packing material, biomedical material and coating material. The focus of the
work is on the capability of making sustainable and eco-friendly antimicrobial materials in the mixture of
biodegradable polymers and the green synthesized nanoparticles.

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