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Residential Design as a House–Society Interface: Translating Lived Requirements into Context-Responsive Design Principles (Mlalakuwa, Dar es Salaam)By Fortunatus Bahendwa
Abstract: Residential architecture in rapidly urbanizing African cities often reflects standardized planning logics that assume fixed household structures and stable room functions. Yet, lived housing practices frequently reveal a different reality: dwellings evolve as sociocultural and socioeconomic requirements change over time. This article examines how user requirements are reflected through the transformation of residential plots and house layouts in Mlalakuwa, a high-demand settlement in Dar es Salaam. Drawing on field observation …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–25 Read article →