This study evaluates the efficacy of two commonly used injectable pain-relieving agents in post- operative care, aiming to optimize pain management protocols and enhance patient recovery. One hundred ASA I and II patients undergoing general and gynecological procedures were randomly divided into two groups of 50, each receiving a different analgesic treatment. Vital parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), blood pressure, sedation levels, pain scores (VAS), side effects, and the need for rescue analgesics, were measured at intervals of 0–4, 5–12, and 24 hours post- surgery. The findings indicate that one of the tested agents significantly reduced pain and sedation while lowering the need for additional analgesics, leading to better patient satisfaction and fewer side effects. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate injectable pain management strategies to minimize post-surgical complications, promote faster recovery, and improve overall patient outcomes. This study highlights the critical role of anesthesiologists in tailoring pain management techniques by leveraging their expertise in pharmacology and pain pathways to ensure effective, patient- centered care.

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1. Varrassi G, Marinangeli F, Agro F, et al. A double-blinded evaluation of propacetamol versus ketorolac in combination with patient-controlled analgesia morphine: analgesic efficacy and tolerability after gynecologic surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;88:611–616.
2. Witjes WP, Crul BJ, Vollaard EJ, Joosten HJ, von Egmond J. Application of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with naproxen or paracetamol for postoperative pain relief in cholecystectomy patients: a double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992;36:323–327.
3. Cobby TF, Crighton IM, Kyriakides K, Hobbs GJ. Rectal paracetamol has a significant morphine-sparing effect after hysterectomy. Br J Anaesth. 1999;83:253–256.
4. Munishankar B, Fettes P, Moore C, McLeod GA. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of paracetamol, diclofenac, or the combination for pain relief after cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2008;17:9–14.
5. Tuzuner Oncul AM, Yazicioglu D, Alanoglu Z, Demiralp S, Ozturk A, Ucok C. Postoperative analgesia in impacted third molar surgery: the role of preoperative diclofenac sodium, paracetamol, and lornoxicam. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20:470–476.
6. Mulrow CD, Cook DJ, eds. Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence for Health Care Decisions. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 1998.
7. Choi P, Halpern S, Malik N, et al. Examining the evidence in anesthesia literature: a critical appraisal of systematic reviews. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:700–709.
8. Cook DJ, Sackett DL, Spitzer WO. Methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in healthcare from the Potsdam consultation on meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:167–171.
9. van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for Spinal Disorders. Spine. 1997;22:2323–2330.
10. Jadad AR, Moore A, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12.
11. Reeves M. Increase in quality, but not quantity, of clinical trials in acute pain: 1992 versus 2007. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:1656–1658.
12. Forget P, Wittebole X, Laterre PF. Therapeutic dose of acetaminophen may induce fulminant hepatitis in the presence of risk factors: a report of two cases. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103:899–900.
13. Kissin I. Patient-controlled analgesimetry and its problems. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:1945–1949.
14. Oscier C, Milner Q. Perioperative use of paracetamol. Anaesthesia. 2009;64:65–72.
15. Juhl G, Norholt S, Tonnese E, Hiesse-Provost O, Jensen TS. Analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered as a 2 g starting dose following third molar surgery. Eur J Pain. 2006;10:371–377.
16. Flower RJ, Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the brain explains the antipyretic effect of paracetamol (4-aminophenol). Nature. 1972;240:410–411.
17. Tjolsen A, Lund A, Hole K. Antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in rats partly dependent on spinal serotonergic systems. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991;193:193–201.
18. Anderson BJ. Paracetamol (acetaminophen): mechanisms of action. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18:915–921.
19. Arici S, Gurbet A, Türker G, Yavascaoglu B, Sahin S. Preemptive analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol in total abdominal hysterectomy. Agri. 2009;21:54–61.
20. Lentschener C, Tostivint P, White PF, Gentili ME, Ozier Y. Opioid-induced sedation in the postanesthesia care unit does not ensure adequate pain relief: a case-control study. Anesth Analg. 2007;105:1143–1147.

This study evaluates the efficacy of two commonly used injectable pain-relieving agents in post- operative care, aiming to optimize pain management protocols and enhance patient recovery. One hundred ASA I and II patients undergoing general and gynecological procedures were randomly divided into two groups of 50, each receiving a different analgesic treatment. Vital parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), blood pressure, sedation levels, pain scores (VAS), side effects, and the need for rescue analgesics, were measured at intervals of 0–4, 5–12, and 24 hours post- surgery. The findings indicate that one of the tested agents significantly reduced pain and sedation while lowering the need for additional analgesics, leading to better patient satisfaction and fewer side effects. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate injectable pain management strategies to minimize post-surgical complications, promote faster recovery, and improve overall patient outcomes. This study highlights the critical role of anesthesiologists in tailoring pain management techniques by leveraging their expertise in pharmacology and pain pathways to ensure effective, patient- centered care.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Varrassi G, Marinangeli F, Agro F, et al. A double-blinded evaluation of propacetamol versus ketorolac in combination with patient-controlled analgesia morphine: analgesic efficacy and tolerability after gynecologic surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;88:611–616.
2. Witjes WP, Crul BJ, Vollaard EJ, Joosten HJ, von Egmond J. Application of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with naproxen or paracetamol for postoperative pain relief in cholecystectomy patients: a double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992;36:323–327.
3. Cobby TF, Crighton IM, Kyriakides K, Hobbs GJ. Rectal paracetamol has a significant morphine-sparing effect after hysterectomy. Br J Anaesth. 1999;83:253–256.
4. Munishankar B, Fettes P, Moore C, McLeod GA. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of paracetamol, diclofenac, or the combination for pain relief after cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2008;17:9–14.
5. Tuzuner Oncul AM, Yazicioglu D, Alanoglu Z, Demiralp S, Ozturk A, Ucok C. Postoperative analgesia in impacted third molar surgery: the role of preoperative diclofenac sodium, paracetamol, and lornoxicam. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20:470–476.
6. Mulrow CD, Cook DJ, eds. Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence for Health Care Decisions. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 1998.
7. Choi P, Halpern S, Malik N, et al. Examining the evidence in anesthesia literature: a critical appraisal of systematic reviews. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:700–709.
8. Cook DJ, Sackett DL, Spitzer WO. Methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in healthcare from the Potsdam consultation on meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:167–171.
9. van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for Spinal Disorders. Spine. 1997;22:2323–2330.
10. Jadad AR, Moore A, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12.
11. Reeves M. Increase in quality, but not quantity, of clinical trials in acute pain: 1992 versus 2007. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:1656–1658.
12. Forget P, Wittebole X, Laterre PF. Therapeutic dose of acetaminophen may induce fulminant hepatitis in the presence of risk factors: a report of two cases. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103:899–900.
13. Kissin I. Patient-controlled analgesimetry and its problems. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:1945–1949.
14. Oscier C, Milner Q. Perioperative use of paracetamol. Anaesthesia. 2009;64:65–72.
15. Juhl G, Norholt S, Tonnese E, Hiesse-Provost O, Jensen TS. Analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered as a 2 g starting dose following third molar surgery. Eur J Pain. 2006;10:371–377.
16. Flower RJ, Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the brain explains the antipyretic effect of paracetamol (4-aminophenol). Nature. 1972;240:410–411.
17. Tjolsen A, Lund A, Hole K. Antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in rats partly dependent on spinal serotonergic systems. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991;193:193–201.
18. Anderson BJ. Paracetamol (acetaminophen): mechanisms of action. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18:915–921.
19. Arici S, Gurbet A, Türker G, Yavascaoglu B, Sahin S. Preemptive analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol in total abdominal hysterectomy. Agri. 2009;21:54–61.
20. Lentschener C, Tostivint P, White PF, Gentili ME, Ozier Y. Opioid-induced sedation in the postanesthesia care unit does not ensure adequate pain relief: a case-control study. Anesth Analg. 2007;105:1143–1147.