Over 50% of individuals suffer from androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a prevalent cause of hair loss that has historically been treated with oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, however, these have inconsistent results. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling, and novel medication delivery devices are some of the recent developments in AGA treatment that are intended to enhance therapeutic results and patient satisfaction. In order to improve hair regrowth, this review looks at new methods that combine cutting-edge microneedling technology with innovative treatments like copper/zinc dual-doped microneedles loaded with quercetin. These methods inhibit dihydrotestosterone and promote follicle regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects . While newer methods like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and customized microneedle Patches provide better medication delivery and patient results. combination therapies—such as PRP with minoxidil—show more success than monotherapies in increasing hair density and thickness in certain case studies. However, the necessity for more randomized, controlled research and standardized guidelines is highlighted by differences in treatment methods and the quality of the data. This review demonstrates the potential of combining cutting-edge microneedling technology with conventional therapies, providing a viable path towards more individualized and successful AGA care.

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1. Aff, S. A., Hassan, M. A., Abdelhameed, A. S., & Elkhodairy, K. A. (2015). Nanosuspension: An emerging trend for bioavailability enhancement of etodolac. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015, Article ID 845102.
2. Aktas, H., Alan, S., Torkoglu, E. B., & Sevik, O. (2016). Could topical minoxidil cause non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy? Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(8), WD01–WD02.
3. Alkilani, A. Z., Nasereddin, J., Hamed, R., Nimrawi, S., Hussein, G., Abo-Zour, H., et al. (2022). Beneath the skin: A review of current trends and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics, 14(6), 1152.
4. Almeida, R. F. C., Melo, D. F., & Tosti, A. (2023). Scalp microinfusion: A novel drug delivery technique for hair loss treatment. Skin Appendage Disorders, 9(2), 81–83.
5. Alsalhi, W., Alalola, A., Randolph, M., Gwillim, E., & Tosti, A. (2020). Novel drug delivery approaches for the management of hair loss. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 17(3), 287–295.
6. Alves, R., & Grimalt, R. (2016). Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Dermatologic Surgery, 42(4), 491–497.
7. Andersen, V., Anderson, J., Wallington, T., Mueller, S., & Nielsen, O. (2010). Vapor pressures of alcohol−gasoline blends. Energy & Fuels, 24(6), 3647–3654.
8. Arbache, S., & Godoy, C. E. (2013). Microinfusion of drugs into the skin with tattoo equipment. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 5(1), 70–74.
9. Arbache, S., Mattos, E. D. C., Diniz, M. F., Paiva, P. Y. A., Roth, D., & Arbache, S. T., et al. (2019). How much medication is delivered in a novel drug delivery technique that uses a tattoo machine? International Journal of Dermatology, 58(6), 750–755.
10. Arbache, S., Roth, D., Steiner, D., Breunig, J., Michalany, N. S., & Arbache, S. T., et al. (2018). Activation of melanocytes in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis after 5-fluorouracil infusion using a tattoo machine: Preliminary analysis of a randomized, split-body, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 212–215.
11. Bloch, L. D., & Sarruf, F. D. (2017). Ciclo de crescimento e queda capilar. In M. G. Damazio & R. F. L. Makino (Eds.), Terapia Capilar: Uma abordagem inter e multidisciplinar (pp. 37–48). São Paulo: RED Publicações.
12. Bloch, L. D., Escudeiro, C. C., Sarruf, F. D., & Valente, N. Y. S. (2017). Latanoprost and minoxidil: Comparative double-blind, placebo-controlled study for the treatment of hair loss. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 10(1), 39–43.
13. Blumeyer, A., Tosti, A., Messenger, A., Reygagne, P., Del Marmol, V., Spuls, P. I., et al. (2011). Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and men. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 9(6), S1–S57.
14. Bougie, D. W., Peterson, J., Rasmussen, M., & Aster, R. H. (2015). Mechanism of quinine-dependent monoclonal antibody binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Blood, 126(19), 2146–2152.
15. Chen, H., Tang, X., Huang, Y., Chen, C., Yang, Y., Hao, C., ... & Chen, Z. (2024). Remodel the perifollicular microenvironment via Minoxidil-loaded microneedle patch and cold atmospheric plasma for treating androgenetic alopecia. Nano Research, 1–9.
16. Chen, Z. T., Chen, G. J., Obenchain, R., Zhang, R., Bai, F., Fang, T. X., Wang, H. W., & Lu, (2024). Combination therapy for androgenic alopecia based on quercetin and zinc/copper dual-doped mesoporous silica nanocomposite microneedle patch. Bioactive Materials, 24, 81–95.
17. Contin, L. A. (2016). Male androgenetic alopecia treated with microneedling alone or associated with injectable minoxidil by microinfusion of drugs into the skin. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 8(2), 158–161.
18. Corrêa, A. C., Machado, C. J., & Carneiro, S. C. (2024). Split-scalp pilot study to evaluate effectiveness of Minoxidil 0.5% MMP® versus topical Minoxidil 5% in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Archives of Dermatological Research, 316(6), 313.
19. Dhurat, R., & Mathapati, S. (2015). Response to micro-needling treatment in men with androgenetic alopecia who failed to respond to conventional therapy. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–263.
20. El-Husseiny, R. M., Saleh, H. M., Moustafa, A. A., & Salem, S. A. (2021). Comparison between single- versus double-spin prepared platelet-rich plasma injection in treatment of female pattern hair loss: Clinical effect and relation to vascular endothelial growth factor. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(7), 557–566.
21. Esposito, E., Drechsler, M., Cortesi, R., & Nastruzzi, C. (2016). Encapsulation of cannabinoid drugs in nanostructured lipid carriers. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 102, 87–91.
22. Essam, R., Selim, H., & Ehab, R. (2024). The boosting effect of minoxidil 0.1% when combined with dutasteride 0.01% and microneedling in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society, 21(1), 29–35.
23. Fertig, R. M., Gamret, A. C., Cervantes, J., & Tosti, A. (2018). Microneedling for the treatment of hair loss? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32(4), 564–569.
24. Gan, D. C., & Sinclair, R. D. (2005, December). Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in Maryborough. In Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 184–189). Elsevier.
25. Gentile, P., & Garcovich, S. (2020). Systematic review of platelet-rich plasma use in androgenetic alopecia compared with Minoxidil, Finasteride, and adult stem cell-based therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), 2702.
26. Gentile, P., Garcovich, S., Bielli, A., Scioli, M. G., Orlandi, A., & Cervelli, V. (2015). The effect of platelet-rich plasma in hair regrowth: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 4(11), 1317–1323.
27. Gupta, A. K., Renaud, H. J., & Rapaport, J. A. (2021). Platelet-rich plasma and cell therapy: The new horizon in hair loss treatment. Dermatologic Clinics, 39(3), 429–445.
28. Hamed, R., & Alhadidi, H. F. (2024). Minoxidil nanosuspension-loaded dissolved microneedles for hair regrowth. AAPS PharmSciTech, 25(4), Article 75.
29. Ibrahim, T. M., Abdallah, M. H., El-Megrab, N. A., & El-Nahas, H. M. (2018). Upgrading of dissolution and anti-hypertensive effect of carvedilol via two combined approaches: Self-emulsification and liquisolid techniques. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 873–885.
30. Iriarte, C., Awosika, O., Rengifo-Pardo, M., & Ehrlich, A. (2017). Review of applications of microneedling in dermatology. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 10, 289–298.
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Over 50% of individuals suffer from androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a prevalent cause of hair loss that has historically been treated with oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, however, these have inconsistent results. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling, and novel medication delivery devices are some of the recent developments in AGA treatment that are intended to enhance therapeutic results and patient satisfaction. In order to improve hair regrowth, this review looks at new methods that combine cutting-edge microneedling technology with innovative treatments like copper/zinc dual-doped microneedles loaded with quercetin. These methods inhibit dihydrotestosterone and promote follicle regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects . While newer methods like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and customized microneedle Patches provide better medication delivery and patient results. combination therapies—such as PRP with minoxidil—show more success than monotherapies in increasing hair density and thickness in certain case studies. However, the necessity for more randomized, controlled research and standardized guidelines is highlighted by differences in treatment methods and the quality of the data. This review demonstrates the potential of combining cutting-edge microneedling technology with conventional therapies, providing a viable path towards more individualized and successful AGA care.

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1. Aff, S. A., Hassan, M. A., Abdelhameed, A. S., & Elkhodairy, K. A. (2015). Nanosuspension: An emerging trend for bioavailability enhancement of etodolac. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015, Article ID 845102.
2. Aktas, H., Alan, S., Torkoglu, E. B., & Sevik, O. (2016). Could topical minoxidil cause non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy? Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(8), WD01–WD02.
3. Alkilani, A. Z., Nasereddin, J., Hamed, R., Nimrawi, S., Hussein, G., Abo-Zour, H., et al. (2022). Beneath the skin: A review of current trends and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics, 14(6), 1152.
4. Almeida, R. F. C., Melo, D. F., & Tosti, A. (2023). Scalp microinfusion: A novel drug delivery technique for hair loss treatment. Skin Appendage Disorders, 9(2), 81–83.
5. Alsalhi, W., Alalola, A., Randolph, M., Gwillim, E., & Tosti, A. (2020). Novel drug delivery approaches for the management of hair loss. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 17(3), 287–295.
6. Alves, R., & Grimalt, R. (2016). Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Dermatologic Surgery, 42(4), 491–497.
7. Andersen, V., Anderson, J., Wallington, T., Mueller, S., & Nielsen, O. (2010). Vapor pressures of alcohol−gasoline blends. Energy & Fuels, 24(6), 3647–3654.
8. Arbache, S., & Godoy, C. E. (2013). Microinfusion of drugs into the skin with tattoo equipment. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 5(1), 70–74.
9. Arbache, S., Mattos, E. D. C., Diniz, M. F., Paiva, P. Y. A., Roth, D., & Arbache, S. T., et al. (2019). How much medication is delivered in a novel drug delivery technique that uses a tattoo machine? International Journal of Dermatology, 58(6), 750–755.
10. Arbache, S., Roth, D., Steiner, D., Breunig, J., Michalany, N. S., & Arbache, S. T., et al. (2018). Activation of melanocytes in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis after 5-fluorouracil infusion using a tattoo machine: Preliminary analysis of a randomized, split-body, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 212–215.
11. Bloch, L. D., & Sarruf, F. D. (2017). Ciclo de crescimento e queda capilar. In M. G. Damazio & R. F. L. Makino (Eds.), Terapia Capilar: Uma abordagem inter e multidisciplinar (pp. 37–48). São Paulo: RED Publicações.
12. Bloch, L. D., Escudeiro, C. C., Sarruf, F. D., & Valente, N. Y. S. (2017). Latanoprost and minoxidil: Comparative double-blind, placebo-controlled study for the treatment of hair loss. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 10(1), 39–43.
13. Blumeyer, A., Tosti, A., Messenger, A., Reygagne, P., Del Marmol, V., Spuls, P. I., et al. (2011). Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and men. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 9(6), S1–S57.
14. Bougie, D. W., Peterson, J., Rasmussen, M., & Aster, R. H. (2015). Mechanism of quinine-dependent monoclonal antibody binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Blood, 126(19), 2146–2152.
15. Chen, H., Tang, X., Huang, Y., Chen, C., Yang, Y., Hao, C., ... & Chen, Z. (2024). Remodel the perifollicular microenvironment via Minoxidil-loaded microneedle patch and cold atmospheric plasma for treating androgenetic alopecia. Nano Research, 1–9.
16. Chen, Z. T., Chen, G. J., Obenchain, R., Zhang, R., Bai, F., Fang, T. X., Wang, H. W., & Lu, (2024). Combination therapy for androgenic alopecia based on quercetin and zinc/copper dual-doped mesoporous silica nanocomposite microneedle patch. Bioactive Materials, 24, 81–95.
17. Contin, L. A. (2016). Male androgenetic alopecia treated with microneedling alone or associated with injectable minoxidil by microinfusion of drugs into the skin. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 8(2), 158–161.
18. Corrêa, A. C., Machado, C. J., & Carneiro, S. C. (2024). Split-scalp pilot study to evaluate effectiveness of Minoxidil 0.5% MMP® versus topical Minoxidil 5% in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Archives of Dermatological Research, 316(6), 313.
19. Dhurat, R., & Mathapati, S. (2015). Response to micro-needling treatment in men with androgenetic alopecia who failed to respond to conventional therapy. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–263.
20. El-Husseiny, R. M., Saleh, H. M., Moustafa, A. A., & Salem, S. A. (2021). Comparison between single- versus double-spin prepared platelet-rich plasma injection in treatment of female pattern hair loss: Clinical effect and relation to vascular endothelial growth factor. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(7), 557–566.
21. Esposito, E., Drechsler, M., Cortesi, R., & Nastruzzi, C. (2016). Encapsulation of cannabinoid drugs in nanostructured lipid carriers. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 102, 87–91.
22. Essam, R., Selim, H., & Ehab, R. (2024). The boosting effect of minoxidil 0.1% when combined with dutasteride 0.01% and microneedling in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society, 21(1), 29–35.
23. Fertig, R. M., Gamret, A. C., Cervantes, J., & Tosti, A. (2018). Microneedling for the treatment of hair loss? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32(4), 564–569.
24. Gan, D. C., & Sinclair, R. D. (2005, December). Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in Maryborough. In Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 184–189). Elsevier.
25. Gentile, P., & Garcovich, S. (2020). Systematic review of platelet-rich plasma use in androgenetic alopecia compared with Minoxidil, Finasteride, and adult stem cell-based therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), 2702.
26. Gentile, P., Garcovich, S., Bielli, A., Scioli, M. G., Orlandi, A., & Cervelli, V. (2015). The effect of platelet-rich plasma in hair regrowth: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 4(11), 1317–1323.
27. Gupta, A. K., Renaud, H. J., & Rapaport, J. A. (2021). Platelet-rich plasma and cell therapy: The new horizon in hair loss treatment. Dermatologic Clinics, 39(3), 429–445.
28. Hamed, R., & Alhadidi, H. F. (2024). Minoxidil nanosuspension-loaded dissolved microneedles for hair regrowth. AAPS PharmSciTech, 25(4), Article 75.
29. Ibrahim, T. M., Abdallah, M. H., El-Megrab, N. A., & El-Nahas, H. M. (2018). Upgrading of dissolution and anti-hypertensive effect of carvedilol via two combined approaches: Self-emulsification and liquisolid techniques. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 873–885.
30. Iriarte, C., Awosika, O., Rengifo-Pardo, M., & Ehrlich, A. (2017). Review of applications of microneedling in dermatology. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 10, 289–298.
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