General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds
Khalid M Darwish | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 12, Issue 1 | pp. 43-59 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
In order to identify an organic compound, a chemist needs to apply the suitable technique, depending on the compound state. Accordingly, melting point identification is applied for solids, boiling point for liquids, and sublimation for some compounds which have the tendency to sublime. On the other hand, When an organic compound is isolated from its natural source such as plants, it can be contaminated with some other undesirable compounds, called impurities. Therefore, a special technique, called re-crystallization is used to obtain the original compound in a crystalline form. This technique belongs to the purification techniques. This chapter consists of two main parts, the identification and the purification techniques of some important organic compounds. Another techniques is used depending on the solubility of the organic in a special solvent compared to another in which the organic compound is sparingly soluble, depending on compound’s polarity. This technique is called the solvent extraction. The same situation is found with the qualitative technique, the chromatography, which determines the compound’s purity. In this chapter, highlights will be thrown on most of these techniques used to identify and purify some organic compounds, based on the compound’s polarity, solubility, in addition to its physical state and capability to change from a physical state to another.
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1. Chaugule A, Patil H, Pagariya S, Ingle P. Extraction of caffeine. Int J Superl Stud Chem Sci. 2019;6(9):11–19. 2. Vogel AI. Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. 5th ed. London: Longman; 1989. 3. Gladysz JA. Rethinking premedical education. Science. 2022;378(6622):809. 4. 4. Barcelo JM. Development and Rasch evaluation of the prior knowledge of chemistry concepts test for pre-clinical students in the Philippines. J Chem Educ. 2018;95(9):1524–1531. 5. Montgomery JP. Chemistry courses in pre-medical training. J Chem Educ. 1931;8(7):1348. 6. Dixson L, Pomales B, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh M. Is organic chemistry useful for fundamental understanding of disease and medical training? J Chem Educ. 2022;99(2):688–693. 7. Kadavakollu S, Moullet Z, Yoshida M, Qureshi M, Graneto J, Boyanovsky B. Undergraduate pre-requisite coursework: six important tips for pre-medical students considering osteopathic medical school in the USA. Int J Osteopath Med. 2021;42:34–42. 8. Wright R, Cotner S, Winkel A. Minimal effect of organic chemistry prerequisite on student performance in introductory biochemistry. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2009;8(1):44–54. 9. Keating JJ. Anti-cancer drugs used in human therapy. In: Proceedings of the 5th European Variety in Chemistry Education Conference; 2013 Jul 3–5; University of Limerick. Limerick: University of Limerick; 2013. 10. Kadnikova EN. “Molecules-in-medicine”: Peer-reviewed presentations in a fast-paced organic chemistry course for medical students. J Chem Educ. 2013;90(7):883–888.
How to cite this article
APA
Darwish, K. M. (2026). General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 12(1), 43-59.
MLA
Darwish, Khalid M. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 1, 2026, pp. 43-59.
Chicago
Khalid M Darwish. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2026): 43-59.
Vancouver
Darwish KM. General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2026;12(1):43-59.
BibTeX
@article{DarwishKM2026,
author = {Khalid M Darwish},
title = {General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {43--59},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijaac/article=26148}
}
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Khalid M Darwish | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 12, Issue 1 | pp. 43-59 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
In order to identify an organic compound, a chemist needs to apply the suitable technique, depending on the compound state. Accordingly, melting point identification is applied for solids, boiling point for liquids, and sublimation for some compounds which have the tendency to sublime. On the other hand, When an organic compound is isolated from its natural source such as plants, it can be contaminated with some other undesirable compounds, called impurities. Therefore, a special technique, called re-crystallization is used to obtain the original compound in a crystalline form. This technique belongs to the purification techniques. This chapter consists of two main parts, the identification and the purification techniques of some important organic compounds. Another techniques is used depending on the solubility of the organic in a special solvent compared to another in which the organic compound is sparingly soluble, depending on compound’s polarity. This technique is called the solvent extraction. The same situation is found with the qualitative technique, the chromatography, which determines the compound’s purity. In this chapter, highlights will be thrown on most of these techniques used to identify and purify some organic compounds, based on the compound’s polarity, solubility, in addition to its physical state and capability to change from a physical state to another.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Chaugule A, Patil H, Pagariya S, Ingle P. Extraction of caffeine. Int J Superl Stud Chem Sci. 2019;6(9):11–19. 2. Vogel AI. Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. 5th ed. London: Longman; 1989. 3. Gladysz JA. Rethinking premedical education. Science. 2022;378(6622):809. 4. 4. Barcelo JM. Development and Rasch evaluation of the prior knowledge of chemistry concepts test for pre-clinical students in the Philippines. J Chem Educ. 2018;95(9):1524–1531. 5. Montgomery JP. Chemistry courses in pre-medical training. J Chem Educ. 1931;8(7):1348. 6. Dixson L, Pomales B, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh M. Is organic chemistry useful for fundamental understanding of disease and medical training? J Chem Educ. 2022;99(2):688–693. 7. Kadavakollu S, Moullet Z, Yoshida M, Qureshi M, Graneto J, Boyanovsky B. Undergraduate pre-requisite coursework: six important tips for pre-medical students considering osteopathic medical school in the USA. Int J Osteopath Med. 2021;42:34–42. 8. Wright R, Cotner S, Winkel A. Minimal effect of organic chemistry prerequisite on student performance in introductory biochemistry. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2009;8(1):44–54. 9. Keating JJ. Anti-cancer drugs used in human therapy. In: Proceedings of the 5th European Variety in Chemistry Education Conference; 2013 Jul 3–5; University of Limerick. Limerick: University of Limerick; 2013. 10. Kadnikova EN. “Molecules-in-medicine”: Peer-reviewed presentations in a fast-paced organic chemistry course for medical students. J Chem Educ. 2013;90(7):883–888.
How to cite this article
APA
Darwish, K. M. (2026). General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 12(1), 43-59.
MLA
Darwish, Khalid M. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 1, 2026, pp. 43-59.
Chicago
Khalid M Darwish. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2026): 43-59.
Vancouver
Darwish KM. General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2026;12(1):43-59.
BibTeX
@article{DarwishKM2026,
author = {Khalid M Darwish},
title = {General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {43--59},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijaac/article=26148}
}
Khalid M Darwish | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 12, Issue 1 | pp. 43-59 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
In order to identify an organic compound, a chemist needs to apply the suitable technique, depending on the compound state. Accordingly, melting point identification is applied for solids, boiling point for liquids, and sublimation for some compounds which have the tendency to sublime. On the other hand, When an organic compound is isolated from its natural source such as plants, it can be contaminated with some other undesirable compounds, called impurities. Therefore, a special technique, called re-crystallization is used to obtain the original compound in a crystalline form. This technique belongs to the purification techniques. This chapter consists of two main parts, the identification and the purification techniques of some important organic compounds. Another techniques is used depending on the solubility of the organic in a special solvent compared to another in which the organic compound is sparingly soluble, depending on compound’s polarity. This technique is called the solvent extraction. The same situation is found with the qualitative technique, the chromatography, which determines the compound’s purity. In this chapter, highlights will be thrown on most of these techniques used to identify and purify some organic compounds, based on the compound’s polarity, solubility, in addition to its physical state and capability to change from a physical state to another.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Chaugule A, Patil H, Pagariya S, Ingle P. Extraction of caffeine. Int J Superl Stud Chem Sci. 2019;6(9):11–19. 2. Vogel AI. Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. 5th ed. London: Longman; 1989. 3. Gladysz JA. Rethinking premedical education. Science. 2022;378(6622):809. 4. 4. Barcelo JM. Development and Rasch evaluation of the prior knowledge of chemistry concepts test for pre-clinical students in the Philippines. J Chem Educ. 2018;95(9):1524–1531. 5. Montgomery JP. Chemistry courses in pre-medical training. J Chem Educ. 1931;8(7):1348. 6. Dixson L, Pomales B, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh M. Is organic chemistry useful for fundamental understanding of disease and medical training? J Chem Educ. 2022;99(2):688–693. 7. Kadavakollu S, Moullet Z, Yoshida M, Qureshi M, Graneto J, Boyanovsky B. Undergraduate pre-requisite coursework: six important tips for pre-medical students considering osteopathic medical school in the USA. Int J Osteopath Med. 2021;42:34–42. 8. Wright R, Cotner S, Winkel A. Minimal effect of organic chemistry prerequisite on student performance in introductory biochemistry. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2009;8(1):44–54. 9. Keating JJ. Anti-cancer drugs used in human therapy. In: Proceedings of the 5th European Variety in Chemistry Education Conference; 2013 Jul 3–5; University of Limerick. Limerick: University of Limerick; 2013. 10. Kadnikova EN. “Molecules-in-medicine”: Peer-reviewed presentations in a fast-paced organic chemistry course for medical students. J Chem Educ. 2013;90(7):883–888.
How to cite this article
APA
Darwish, K. M. (2026). General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 12(1), 43-59.
MLA
Darwish, Khalid M. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 1, 2026, pp. 43-59.
Chicago
Khalid M Darwish. “General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2026): 43-59.
Vancouver
Darwish KM. General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2026;12(1):43-59.
BibTeX
@article{DarwishKM2026,
author = {Khalid M Darwish},
title = {General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {43--59},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijaac/article=26148}
}
