The determination of tungsten (VI) has gained increasing importance due to its extensive industrial applications and growing environmental relevance. Tungsten is widely used in alloys, catalysts, electronics, and energy systems, leading to its release into environmental matrices such as water, soil, and biological systems. Accurate monitoring of tungsten at trace and ultra-trace levels is therefore essential for environmental assessment and industrial quality control. Conventional analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), provide high sensitivity and precision; however, their application is often restricted by high instrumentation costs, complex operational requirements, and the need for skilled personnel. In contrast, spectrophotometric methods have emerged as attractive alternatives due to their simplicity, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness. Recent advancements have significantly improved the performance of these methods through the integration of green analytical chemistry and nanotechnology. The use of eco-friendly reagents, micellar media, and solvent-minimized extraction techniques has reduced environmental impact while maintaining analytical efficiency. Additionally, nanoparticle-assisted detection, particularly using metal and metal oxide nanomaterials, has enabled enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits.
This review critically evaluates recent developments in spectrophotometric determination of tungsten (VI), with a focus on sustainable and high-performance analytical strategies. Emphasis is placed on nanomaterial-assisted sensing, advanced preconcentration techniques, and the application of chemometric tools for improved data analysis. Furthermore, hybrid analytical
systems and emerging technologies for portable and real-time tungsten detection are discussed, highlighting future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

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The determination of tungsten (VI) has gained increasing importance due to its extensive industrial applications and growing environmental relevance. Tungsten is widely used in alloys, catalysts, electronics, and energy systems, leading to its release into environmental matrices such as water, soil, and biological systems. Accurate monitoring of tungsten at trace and ultra-trace levels is therefore essential for environmental assessment and industrial quality control. Conventional analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), provide high sensitivity and precision; however, their application is often restricted by high instrumentation costs, complex operational requirements, and the need for skilled personnel. In contrast, spectrophotometric methods have emerged as attractive alternatives due to their simplicity, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness. Recent advancements have significantly improved the performance of these methods through the integration of green analytical chemistry and nanotechnology. The use of eco-friendly reagents, micellar media, and solvent-minimized extraction techniques has reduced environmental impact while maintaining analytical efficiency. Additionally, nanoparticle-assisted detection, particularly using metal and metal oxide nanomaterials, has enabled enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits.
This review critically evaluates recent developments in spectrophotometric determination of tungsten (VI), with a focus on sustainable and high-performance analytical strategies. Emphasis is placed on nanomaterial-assisted sensing, advanced preconcentration techniques, and the application of chemometric tools for improved data analysis. Furthermore, hybrid analytical
systems and emerging technologies for portable and real-time tungsten detection are discussed, highlighting future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.