The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial raw materials has intensified research into the production of oils from agro seeds using efficient extraction technologies. This study reviews the mechanothermal extraction of agro-seed oils with emphasis on their potential applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Mango (Mangifera indica) seeds, which are commonly discarded as agricultural waste during fruit processing, contain significant quantities of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids that can be utilized for industrial purposes. Mechanothermal extraction combines thermal conditioning and mechanical pressing to improve oil recovery by weakening seed cellular structures and enhancing oil mobility. Compared with conventional solvent extraction methods, mechanothermal extraction reduces solvent dependency, minimizes environmental contamination, and improves process safety and sustainability. The review also examines other extraction techniques including extrusion-expelling extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and water distillation. Extrusion-expelling extraction offers solvent-free processing with lower operating costs, while microwave-assisted extraction improves extraction efficiency through reduced processing time and solvent usage. The physicochemical properties of agro-seed oils such as viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, moisture content, and saponification value determine their suitability for industrial applications. Agro-based oils have promising applications in biodiesel production, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soaps, lubricants, paints, food formulations, and nutraceutical products. Furthermore, the utilization of agricultural residues for oil production supports waste valorization, environmental sustainability, circular economy practices, and renewable energy development. The study concludes that mechanothermal extraction represents an economically viable and environmentally sustainable technology capable of enhancing agro-seed oil production and promoting the industrial utilization of renewable biomass resources.

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1. Cheng MH, Rosentrater KA. Economic feasibility analysis of soybean oil extraction technologies. Appl Eng Agric. 2019;35(2):215-223.
2. Lee JS, Kim HY, Park SY. Extraction and characterization of native pear seed oil using extrusion expeller technology. J Food Process Preserv. 2022;46(5):e16521.
3. Nelson AI, Wijeratne WB, Yeh SW, Wei TM, Wei LS. Dry extrusion as an aid to mechanical extraction of oil from soybeans. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1987;64(9):1341-1347.
4. Zhang Q, Saleh ASM, Chen J, Shen Q. Chemical alterations taking place during deep-fat frying based on certain reaction products: A review. Chem Phys Lipids. 2012;165(6):662-681.
5. Rosentrater KA, Krishnan PG, Bern CJ. Processing characteristics and quality evaluation of mechanically extracted seed oils. Ind Crops Prod. 2019;129:357-365.
6. Wang L, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;17(6):300-312.
7. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, et al. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. J Food Eng. 2020;117(4):426-436.
8. Akinoso R, Raji AO. Optimization of oil extraction from locust bean using response surface methodology. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2011;113(2):245-252.
9. Gunstone FD. Vegetable oils in food technology: Composition, properties and uses. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
10. Kittiphoom S. Utilization of mango seed. Int Food Res J. 2012;19(4):1325-1335.
11. Kumar Y, Yadav DN, Ahmad T, Narsaiah K. Recent trends in the use of natural antioxidants for meat and meat products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2015;14(6):796-812.
12. Mohammed MI, Hamza ZU. Physicochemical properties of oil extracts from Sesamum indicum L. seeds grown in Jigawa State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2008;12(2):99-101.
13. Nagarajan M, Thirumalai K. Utilization of agro-industrial waste for biodiesel production. Int J Eng Res Appl. 2012;2(5):429-435.
14. Soong YY, Barlow PJ. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chem. 2004;88(3):411-417.
15. Yahia EM, editor. Postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2011.

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial raw materials has intensified research into the production of oils from agro seeds using efficient extraction technologies. This study reviews the mechanothermal extraction of agro-seed oils with emphasis on their potential applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Mango (Mangifera indica) seeds, which are commonly discarded as agricultural waste during fruit processing, contain significant quantities of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids that can be utilized for industrial purposes. Mechanothermal extraction combines thermal conditioning and mechanical pressing to improve oil recovery by weakening seed cellular structures and enhancing oil mobility. Compared with conventional solvent extraction methods, mechanothermal extraction reduces solvent dependency, minimizes environmental contamination, and improves process safety and sustainability. The review also examines other extraction techniques including extrusion-expelling extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and water distillation. Extrusion-expelling extraction offers solvent-free processing with lower operating costs, while microwave-assisted extraction improves extraction efficiency through reduced processing time and solvent usage. The physicochemical properties of agro-seed oils such as viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, moisture content, and saponification value determine their suitability for industrial applications. Agro-based oils have promising applications in biodiesel production, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soaps, lubricants, paints, food formulations, and nutraceutical products. Furthermore, the utilization of agricultural residues for oil production supports waste valorization, environmental sustainability, circular economy practices, and renewable energy development. The study concludes that mechanothermal extraction represents an economically viable and environmentally sustainable technology capable of enhancing agro-seed oil production and promoting the industrial utilization of renewable biomass resources.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Cheng MH, Rosentrater KA. Economic feasibility analysis of soybean oil extraction technologies. Appl Eng Agric. 2019;35(2):215-223.
2. Lee JS, Kim HY, Park SY. Extraction and characterization of native pear seed oil using extrusion expeller technology. J Food Process Preserv. 2022;46(5):e16521.
3. Nelson AI, Wijeratne WB, Yeh SW, Wei TM, Wei LS. Dry extrusion as an aid to mechanical extraction of oil from soybeans. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1987;64(9):1341-1347.
4. Zhang Q, Saleh ASM, Chen J, Shen Q. Chemical alterations taking place during deep-fat frying based on certain reaction products: A review. Chem Phys Lipids. 2012;165(6):662-681.
5. Rosentrater KA, Krishnan PG, Bern CJ. Processing characteristics and quality evaluation of mechanically extracted seed oils. Ind Crops Prod. 2019;129:357-365.
6. Wang L, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;17(6):300-312.
7. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, et al. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. J Food Eng. 2020;117(4):426-436.
8. Akinoso R, Raji AO. Optimization of oil extraction from locust bean using response surface methodology. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2011;113(2):245-252.
9. Gunstone FD. Vegetable oils in food technology: Composition, properties and uses. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
10. Kittiphoom S. Utilization of mango seed. Int Food Res J. 2012;19(4):1325-1335.
11. Kumar Y, Yadav DN, Ahmad T, Narsaiah K. Recent trends in the use of natural antioxidants for meat and meat products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2015;14(6):796-812.
12. Mohammed MI, Hamza ZU. Physicochemical properties of oil extracts from Sesamum indicum L. seeds grown in Jigawa State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2008;12(2):99-101.
13. Nagarajan M, Thirumalai K. Utilization of agro-industrial waste for biodiesel production. Int J Eng Res Appl. 2012;2(5):429-435.
14. Soong YY, Barlow PJ. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chem. 2004;88(3):411-417.
15. Yahia EM, editor. Postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2011.