Depression is not exclusive to any age group, social class, or economic level; in high-, low-, and middle-income countries, its prevalence are 5.5%, 5.5%, and 5.9%, respectively. Pain is the most common physical sign of depression, a complex disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Although conventional antidepressants have been used for a long time to treat pain associated with depression, new research on these drugs has produced encouraging findings. However, some studies have suggested that due to certain biological, psychological, and environmental factors, women are more likely than males to experience depression (5.1% vs 3.6%). Depression can occur in childhood and adolescence, but it is more common in older adults. On the other hand, stressful life events like losing a job or family member, experiencing financial hardship, or having a chronic illness can often set off depressive episodes. Not everyone exposed to traumatic events early in life reacts to adversity the same way, even though these experiences linked to an increased risk of developing depression in maturity. Actually, The most prevalent physical symptom of depression, a complicated illness that affects millions of people globally, is pain. depression. A common symptom of depression, pain has a substantial negative influence on patients' quality of life and presents significant management issues in the clinical setting. According to epidemiological research, depressive people report pain complaints at a disproportionately high rate, and acute pain is a strong predictor of suicidal thoughts and attempts. It implies that it will be critical to show how important these therapies are for treating pain disorders in the future. Translation studies in humans and animals advised to do this, with a focus on comparing phenotypes with the established association between pain and depression and the complex character of this illness. Pain is the most common physical sign of depression, a complex condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

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1. , and J. Madans, Anxiety and depression signs among adolescents in 26 low-and Middle-Income Countries: prevalence and association with functional difficulties. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2023. 72(1): p. S79-S87.
2. Allen, J.P., et al., A social-development model of the evolution of depressive symptoms from age 13 to 30. Development and Psychopathology, 2024. 36(1): p. 280-290.
3. Ignácio, Z., et al., Epigenetic and epistatic interactions between serotonin transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism: insights in depression. Neuroscience, 2014. 275: p. 455-468.
4. Bonilla-Jaime, H., et al., Depression and Pain: Use of Antidepressants. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022. 20(2): p. 384-402. DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609161447.
5. Dydyk, A. and T. Conermann, Pain, chronic. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
6. Hooten, W.M. Chronic pain and mental health disorders: shared neural mechanisms, epidemiology, and treatment. in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2016. Elsevier.
7. Tang, N.K. and C. Crane, Suicidality in chronic pain: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and psychological links. Psychological medicine, 2006. 36(5): p. 575-586.
8. Gebhardt, S., M. Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, and U. König, Pain relief in depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of the effects of antidepressants. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2016. 36(6): p. 658-668.
9. Bekhuis, E., et al., The network structure of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and somatic symptomatology. Psychological medicine, 2016. 46(14): p. 2989-2998.
10. Lisowska, A., K. Szwamel, and D. Kurpas, Somatic symptoms and level of anxiety and depression in self-referral patients at the emergency department. Medical Science Pulse, 2020. 14(1): p. 21-30.
11. Lewcun, B., et al., Predicting suicidal ideation in adolescents with chronic amplified pain: The roles of depression and pain duration. Psychological Services, 2018. 15(3): p. 309.
12. Kazdin, A.E., et al., Antidepressant use in low-middle-and high-income countries: a World Mental Health Surveys report. Psychological medicine, 2023. 53(4): p. 1583-1591.
13. Ashina, S., L. Bendtsen, and R. Jensen, Analgesic effect of amitriptyline in chronic tension-type headache is not directly related to serotonin reuptake inhibition. Pain, 2004. 108(1-2): p. 108-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.012.

Depression is not exclusive to any age group, social class, or economic level; in high-, low-, and middle-income countries, its prevalence are 5.5%, 5.5%, and 5.9%, respectively. Pain is the most common physical sign of depression, a complex disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Although conventional antidepressants have been used for a long time to treat pain associated with depression, new research on these drugs has produced encouraging findings. However, some studies have suggested that due to certain biological, psychological, and environmental factors, women are more likely than males to experience depression (5.1% vs 3.6%). Depression can occur in childhood and adolescence, but it is more common in older adults. On the other hand, stressful life events like losing a job or family member, experiencing financial hardship, or having a chronic illness can often set off depressive episodes. Not everyone exposed to traumatic events early in life reacts to adversity the same way, even though these experiences linked to an increased risk of developing depression in maturity. Actually, The most prevalent physical symptom of depression, a complicated illness that affects millions of people globally, is pain. depression. A common symptom of depression, pain has a substantial negative influence on patients' quality of life and presents significant management issues in the clinical setting. According to epidemiological research, depressive people report pain complaints at a disproportionately high rate, and acute pain is a strong predictor of suicidal thoughts and attempts. It implies that it will be critical to show how important these therapies are for treating pain disorders in the future. Translation studies in humans and animals advised to do this, with a focus on comparing phenotypes with the established association between pain and depression and the complex character of this illness. Pain is the most common physical sign of depression, a complex condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. , and J. Madans, Anxiety and depression signs among adolescents in 26 low-and Middle-Income Countries: prevalence and association with functional difficulties. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2023. 72(1): p. S79-S87.
2. Allen, J.P., et al., A social-development model of the evolution of depressive symptoms from age 13 to 30. Development and Psychopathology, 2024. 36(1): p. 280-290.
3. Ignácio, Z., et al., Epigenetic and epistatic interactions between serotonin transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism: insights in depression. Neuroscience, 2014. 275: p. 455-468.
4. Bonilla-Jaime, H., et al., Depression and Pain: Use of Antidepressants. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022. 20(2): p. 384-402. DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609161447.
5. Dydyk, A. and T. Conermann, Pain, chronic. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
6. Hooten, W.M. Chronic pain and mental health disorders: shared neural mechanisms, epidemiology, and treatment. in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2016. Elsevier.
7. Tang, N.K. and C. Crane, Suicidality in chronic pain: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and psychological links. Psychological medicine, 2006. 36(5): p. 575-586.
8. Gebhardt, S., M. Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, and U. König, Pain relief in depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of the effects of antidepressants. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2016. 36(6): p. 658-668.
9. Bekhuis, E., et al., The network structure of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and somatic symptomatology. Psychological medicine, 2016. 46(14): p. 2989-2998.
10. Lisowska, A., K. Szwamel, and D. Kurpas, Somatic symptoms and level of anxiety and depression in self-referral patients at the emergency department. Medical Science Pulse, 2020. 14(1): p. 21-30.
11. Lewcun, B., et al., Predicting suicidal ideation in adolescents with chronic amplified pain: The roles of depression and pain duration. Psychological Services, 2018. 15(3): p. 309.
12. Kazdin, A.E., et al., Antidepressant use in low-middle-and high-income countries: a World Mental Health Surveys report. Psychological medicine, 2023. 53(4): p. 1583-1591.
13. Ashina, S., L. Bendtsen, and R. Jensen, Analgesic effect of amitriptyline in chronic tension-type headache is not directly related to serotonin reuptake inhibition. Pain, 2004. 108(1-2): p. 108-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.012.