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By: Adibe Nkeiruka Okwakpam and Imaah Napoleon Ono
1-2 Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
The architecture of Ikwerre ethnic group is deeply influenced by cosmological and spiritual beliefs, creating a built environment that reflects the Ikwerre worldview and connection to the hidden. Architecture serves as a physical expression of a culture’s values and beliefs, while cosmology reflects the shared understanding or interpretation of the universe held by that culture. Fundamental to Ikwerre cosmology is the belief in a world shared by humans, ancestors, deities, and spirits, with each entity occupying and influencing specific realms. Cosmological architecture involves designing and constructing buildings and structures based on the principles of cosmology. This paper examines how cosmology and spiritism shape Ikwerre architectural forms, spatial organization and construction practices. This study highlights how cosmology and spiritism are woven into Ikwerre architectural identity, underscoring the depth of spirituality embedded in everyday structures and the holistic nature of traditional Ikwerre architecture. The study is based on qualitative research approach. The findings from the interviews conducted shows that Architectural elements, like the use of earthen materials, like mud, clay, thatch, raffia, bamboo and carvings of totems, are chosen for their spiritual significance, because it is believed that they carry protective powers or channel ancestral guidance while compound layouts, community spaces, and shrines are not merely functional but are designed to honor these relationships, fostering harmony between the spiritual and physical worlds. Sacred spaces, such as sacred grooves and shrines, are strategically integrated to invite protection and blessings. Spatial orientation also reflects cosmological principles, with entrances, and courtyards positioned to harness energies that are beneficial for health, prosperity, and protection. Through these practices, Ikwerre architecture becomes a living expression of cultural identity, serving as a bridge between generations, and preserving the community’s cosmological and spiritual heritage.
Citation:
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