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By: Rashmi Shenoy and V. Basil Hans.
1. Assistant Professor, Department of forensics Science, Srinivas University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
2. Research Professor, Department of Commerce & Management and Humanities & Social Sciences, Srinivas University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
An analog circuit is an electronic system that processes signals that vary continuously. The signals reflect physical quantities, such as sound, temperature or light, as proportionate levels of voltage or current. However, they are not digital circuits. They operate on a continuous spectrum. They use resistors, capacitors, and transistors, and can amplify, filter, or otherwise alter signals. Analog circuits are still a vital feature of electronic systems today, allowing continuous-time signal processing in areas such as communications, instrumentation, healthcare and consumer electronics. Unlike digital circuits, analog circuits work on continually variable voltages and currents. They are used for amplification, filtering, signal conditioning and power management. This article covers analog circuit design basics such as operational amplifiers, oscillators, filters and transistor-based amplifiers. Additionally, it looks at how analogue integrated circuits are used in wireless communication devices, biomedical equipment, mixed-signal systems, and embedded technologies that need precise real-time signal processing. Additionally, new developments in miniaturisation strategies, high-frequency circuit optimisation, and low-power analogue design are emphasised to enhance system dependability, energy efficiency, and signal quality in next- generation electronic devices. It also covers the advantages, disadvantages and practical uses of the analog circuits in embedded systems and mixed-signal technology. With the increasing demand for high performance and highly efficient electronic devices, improvements in analog integrated circuit design are essential to enhance system dependability, energy efficiency and signal fidelity.
Keywords – Analog Circuits, Signals Processing, Operational Amplifier, Electrical Systems, Integrated circuit
Citation:
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