Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) can effectively manage communication through clustering. This paper examines Internet of Things Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. An important step towards a world of smart technology is the Internet of Things (IoT) system based on Cognitive Radio (CR). Many frameworks for creating CR-based IoT systems have been put forth. IoT frameworks based on CR are the main topic of the survey. One possible approach to improving the effectiveness of wireless communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) is the use of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The increasing number of IoT devices cannot be supported by traditional wireless sensor networks due to issues like interference and spectrum constraint. By using cognitive radio technology, CRSNs solve these problems by enabling sensors to dynamically sense, adjust, and use available frequency bands. Although CRSNs have many advantages, there are various difficulties associated with their implementation. Managing the spectrum is still a vital concern, necessitating efficient policies and algorithms to control access to the spectrum and prevent clashes with primary users. Moreover, energy limitations present a challenge because IoT devices need to function effectively within restricted power supplies. Concerns about security, including breaches of data and unauthorized access, necessitate effective countermeasures to safeguard the integrity of the network. This analysis examines the design, essential elements, and operational concepts of CRSNs, emphasizing how they enhance network performance and spectrum efficiency. It talks about the benefits of CRSNs, such as improved energy efficiency, communication dependability, and flexibility under changing conditions. We also examine the difficulties in implementing CRSNs, including spectrum management issues, energy limitations, and security concerns.

Keywords: Internet of Things, cognitive radio, wireless sensor networks, clustering protocol, WI MAX.

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1. Zheng M, Chen S, Liang W, Song M. NSAC: A novel clustering protocol in cognitive radio sensor networks for Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2019 Feb 8;6(3):5864-5.
2. Awin FA, Alginahi YM, Abdel-Raheem E, Tepe K. Technical issues on cognitive radio-based Internet of Things systems: A survey. IEEE access. 2019 Jul 19;7:97887-908.
3. Yu H, Zikria YB. Cognitive radio networks for internet of things and wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 2020 Sep 16;20(18):5288.
4. Ahmad WS, Radzi NA, Samidi FS, Ismail A, Abdullah F, Jamaludin MZ, Zakaria M. 5G technology: Towards dynamic spectrum sharing using cognitive radio networks. IEEE access. 2020 Jan 13;8:14460-88.
5. Ali A, Hamouda W. Advances on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks: Theory and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials. 2016 Nov 18;19(2):1277-304.
6. Ivanov A, Tonchev K, Poulkov V, Manolova A. Probabilistic spectrum sensing based on feature detection for 6G cognitive radio: A survey. IEEE Access. 2021 Aug 18;9:116994-7026.
7. González-Rodríguez E, Maune H, Shen L, Shah IA, Dahlhaus D, Hofmann K, Jakoby R. Reconfigurable radio frontends for cooperative sensor networks: Tasks and challenges. In2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) 2013 Jun 16 (pp. 515-519). IEEE.
8. Haykin S, Setoodeh P. Cognitive radio networks: The spectrum supply chain paradigm. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and networking. 2015 Mar;1(1):3-28.
9. Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Rehmani MH, Hassan NU. A survey on radio resource allocation in cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2015 Feb 9;17(2):888-917.
10. Kakkavas G, Tsitseklis K, Karyotis V, Papavassiliou S. A software defined radio cross-layer resource allocation approach for cognitive radio networks: From theory to practice. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. 2020 Jan 3;6(2):740-55.

Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) can effectively manage communication through clustering. This paper examines Internet of Things Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. An important step towards a world of smart technology is the Internet of Things (IoT) system based on Cognitive Radio (CR). Many frameworks for creating CR-based IoT systems have been put forth. IoT frameworks based on CR are the main topic of the survey. One possible approach to improving the effectiveness of wireless communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) is the use of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The increasing number of IoT devices cannot be supported by traditional wireless sensor networks due to issues like interference and spectrum constraint. By using cognitive radio technology, CRSNs solve these problems by enabling sensors to dynamically sense, adjust, and use available frequency bands. Although CRSNs have many advantages, there are various difficulties associated with their implementation. Managing the spectrum is still a vital concern, necessitating efficient policies and algorithms to control access to the spectrum and prevent clashes with primary users. Moreover, energy limitations present a challenge because IoT devices need to function effectively within restricted power supplies. Concerns about security, including breaches of data and unauthorized access, necessitate effective countermeasures to safeguard the integrity of the network. This analysis examines the design, essential elements, and operational concepts of CRSNs, emphasizing how they enhance network performance and spectrum efficiency. It talks about the benefits of CRSNs, such as improved energy efficiency, communication dependability, and flexibility under changing conditions. We also examine the difficulties in implementing CRSNs, including spectrum management issues, energy limitations, and security concerns.

Keywords: Internet of Things, cognitive radio, wireless sensor networks, clustering protocol, WI MAX.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Zheng M, Chen S, Liang W, Song M. NSAC: A novel clustering protocol in cognitive radio sensor networks for Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2019 Feb 8;6(3):5864-5.
2. Awin FA, Alginahi YM, Abdel-Raheem E, Tepe K. Technical issues on cognitive radio-based Internet of Things systems: A survey. IEEE access. 2019 Jul 19;7:97887-908.
3. Yu H, Zikria YB. Cognitive radio networks for internet of things and wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 2020 Sep 16;20(18):5288.
4. Ahmad WS, Radzi NA, Samidi FS, Ismail A, Abdullah F, Jamaludin MZ, Zakaria M. 5G technology: Towards dynamic spectrum sharing using cognitive radio networks. IEEE access. 2020 Jan 13;8:14460-88.
5. Ali A, Hamouda W. Advances on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks: Theory and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials. 2016 Nov 18;19(2):1277-304.
6. Ivanov A, Tonchev K, Poulkov V, Manolova A. Probabilistic spectrum sensing based on feature detection for 6G cognitive radio: A survey. IEEE Access. 2021 Aug 18;9:116994-7026.
7. González-Rodríguez E, Maune H, Shen L, Shah IA, Dahlhaus D, Hofmann K, Jakoby R. Reconfigurable radio frontends for cooperative sensor networks: Tasks and challenges. In2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) 2013 Jun 16 (pp. 515-519). IEEE.
8. Haykin S, Setoodeh P. Cognitive radio networks: The spectrum supply chain paradigm. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and networking. 2015 Mar;1(1):3-28.
9. Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Rehmani MH, Hassan NU. A survey on radio resource allocation in cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2015 Feb 9;17(2):888-917.
10. Kakkavas G, Tsitseklis K, Karyotis V, Papavassiliou S. A software defined radio cross-layer resource allocation approach for cognitive radio networks: From theory to practice. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. 2020 Jan 3;6(2):740-55.