The surge in construction material demand, propelled by urbanization, necessitates sustainable waste
management strategies. Recycling demolished waste into concrete has gained prominence due to
environmental concerns and resource depletion. This review consolidates insights gleaned from
various studies on the utilization of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete. Investigations
reveal that water absorption in RCA depends on adhered mortar quality, impacting mechanical
properties. Various alternative materials and their mechanical performance are explored, highlighting
their superiority. Studies emphasize the significance of material characteristics, including abrasion
loss and soundness, aligning with transportation specifications. Porosity and permeability variations
in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are scrutinized, influencing durability. Global research from
1945 to 1985 establishes foundational knowledge, guiding RAC production. Challenges such as
workability, strength reduction, and freeze-thaw resistance are addressed, providing a comprehensive
understanding. Recent studies have delved into the mechanical properties of RAC, providing valuable
insights that contribute to the advancement of sustainable construction practices. This review informs
the optimization of RAC formulations, contributing to eco-friendly and efficient construction
practices.

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