A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin

Sadat Ul Nisa; Sumit Rajak; Ashish Sharma

A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin

Sadat Ul Nisa, Sumit Rajak, Ashish Sharma | International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices | Vol 10, Issue 01 | pp. 7-18 | ISSN: 2582-435X

Abstract

Concrete, often referred to as man-made rock, consists of cement, aggregates, and water. Recent experimental studies have explored the strength characteristics of concrete by partially replacing fine aggregate with crumb rubber and cement with metakaolin. Concrete cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, using various percentages of crumb rubber and metakaolin as replacements for fine aggregate and cement, respectively. The aim of the study was to investigate the compressive strength of concrete when metakaolin and fine aggregate were partially replaced with crumb rubber. The findings revealed that the optimum mix included 10% crumb rubber and 10% metakaolin, resulting in the highest compressive strength. This study underscores the potential of incorporating rubber waste into concrete mixes as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, contributing to environmental sustainability by reducing waste and promoting resource efficiency. By optimizing the use of crumb rubber and metakaolin, the concrete industry can enhance the mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns.

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References

(Abdelaleem, B. H. A. (2019). Structural behaviour of rubberized concrete containing synthetic fibres (Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland).)
(Alawais, A. (2021). Sustainable concrete with solely recycled and by-product constituents (Doctoral dissertation, Trinity College Dublin. School of Engineering. Disc of Civil Structural & Environmental Eng).)
(Assaggaf, R., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Osta, M. A., Al-Dulaijan, S. U., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Properties and sustainability of treated crumb rubber concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 51, 104250.)
(Aules, W. A. (2011). Replacement in Sand for Cement Mortar. European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(2), 203-210.)
(Chandak, M. A., & Pawade, P. Y. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete mixture: a review. The IJES, 37-41.)
(Dhivya, K., & Priyadharshini, K. (2022). Experimental study on strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate by rubber tyre waste. Materials Today: Proceedings, 52, 1930-1934.)
(Dinakar, P.,Sahoo, P. K., & Sriram, G.(2013). Effect of metakaolin content on the properties of high strength concrete.International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(3), 215-223.)
(Dubey, M., Deo, S. V., & Ramtekkar, G. (2023). Accelerated curing effects on performance of metakaolin concrete. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering.)
(El-Khoja, A. (2019). Mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of rubberised concrete incorporating nano silica.)
FOROUZANI, P. (2016). ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF RUBBERISED CONCRETE INCORPORATING PALM OIL FUEL ASH (Doctoral dissertation, University Teknologi Malaysia).
(Idriss, L. K., & Gamal, Y. A. S. (2022). Properties of Rubberized Concrete Prepared from Different Cement Types. Recycling, 7(3), 39.)
(Jie, X. U., Yao, Z., Yang, G., & Han, Q. (2020). Research on crumb rubber concrete: From a multi-scale review. Construction and Building Materials, 232, 117282.)
(Karunarathna, S., Linforth, S., Kashani, A., Liu, X., & Ngo, T. (2021). Effect of recycled rubber aggregate size on fracture and other mechanical properties of structural concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, 128230.)
(Kaurav, R. S., Gupta, S., & Tiwari, S. P. (2021). Partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste tyre crumb rubber in porous concrete. CR Journal Innovations in Civil Engineering and Management, 1(1), 36-43)
(Keerio, M. A., Saand, A., Chaudhry, R., Bheel, N., ul Karim Bhatti, N., & Soohu, S. (2021). The effect of local metakaolin developed from natural material soorh on selected properties of concrete/mortar. Silicon, 1-10.)
(Khamchin Moghaddam, F., Sri Ravindrarajah, R., & Sirivivatnanon, V. (2015, September). Properties of Metakaolin Concrete–A Review. In International Conference on Sustainable Structural Concrete.)
(Malagavelli, V., Angadi, S., Prasad, J. S. R., & Joshi, S. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete as partial replacement of cement. Int J Civil Eng Technol, 9(7), 105-111.)
(Md. Saifuddin, Maneeth P. D, Brijbhushan (2019). AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARTIALLY REPLACED CRUMB RUBBER WITH FINE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 4072)
(Mohammadi, I. (2014). Investigation on the use of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) for rigid pavements (Doctoral dissertation).)
(Mr. RA. ARVINTH, SHARMILHA.K, MOHAN BABU.M, MATHAN KUMAR.M (2019) Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Crumb Rubber. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 6, Issue 5, 2019.)
(Narayana, G., Narendra, B. K., Kavyashree, K. N., & Kumar, S. (2020). Influence Of Metakaolin and Basalt Fibers On Strength And Durability Of Concrete-An Experimental Approach. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(8), 2757-2767.)
(Nour Eldin, S. H., Sharobim, K., Hassan, H. M., & Ragheb, S. (2021). Durability Study of Metakaolin Concrete. Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 25(1), 41-48.)
(Pillay, D. L., Olalusi, O. B., Kiliswa, M. W., Awoyera, P. O., Kolawole, J. T., & Babafemi, A. J. (2022). Engineering performance of metakaolin based concrete. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 100383.)
(Poon, C. S., Azhar, S., Anson, M., & Wong, Y. L. (2003). Performance of metakaolin concrete at elevated temperatures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1), 83-89).
(Ren, F., Mo, J., Wang, Q., & Ho, J. C. M. (2022). Crumb rubber as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete: An overview. Construction and Building Materials, 343, 128049.)
(Rohit, P., PVSSPG, V., & Sk, Alisha. (2018). Partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber in concrete. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol., 9, 895-903.)
(Saurabh, D., Mainak, M., & Deepak, G. (2022). Mineral admixtures utilization in different areas: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings.)
(Sawant, R. M., & Ghugal, Y. M. (2015). Recent trend: Use of metakaolin as admixture: A review. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 4(12), 08-14.)
(Shao, J., Zhu, H., Zhao, B., Haruna, S. I., Xue, G., Jiang, W., ... & Yang, J. (2022). Combined effect of recycled tire rubber and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 322, 126493.)
(Shtayeh, S. M. S. (2007). Utilization of waste tires in the production of non-structural Portland cement concrete (Doctoral dissertation)
(Siddique, R., & Klaus, J. (2009). Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review. Applied Clay Science, 43(3-4), 392-400.)
(Swapnil Srivastava, Prof. (Dr.) Surendra Roy, Faraz Khan (2022). Study of using Metakaolin and Vetiver Fiber as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ISSN: 2278-0181 (IJERT 11 Issue 06, June-2022)
(Tayeh, A. I. (2013). Effect of Replacement of Sand by Waste Fine Crumb Rubber on Concrete Beam Subject to Impact Load: Experiment and Simulation. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(13), 165-172.)
(Varma, D. V., Rao, G. R., Raju, P. M., & Kumar, M. P. (2021). Compressive strength and durability of Metakaolin blended concrete exposed to acid and sulphate attack. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1025, No. 1, p. 012004). IOP Publishing.)

How to cite this article

APA

Nisa, S. U., Rajak, S., & Sharma, A. (2024). A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin. International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices, 10(01), 7-18.

MLA

Nisa, Sadat Ul, et al. “A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin.” International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices, vol. 10, no. 01, 2024, pp. 7-18.

Chicago

Sadat Ul Nisa, Sumit Rajak, and Ashish Sharma. “A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin.” International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices 10, no. 01 (2024): 7-18.

Vancouver

Nisa SU, Rajak S, Sharma A. A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin. International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices. 2024;10(01):7-18.

BibTeX

@article{NisaSU2024,
author = {Sadat Ul Nisa and Sumit Rajak and Ashish Sharma},
title = {A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin},
journal = {International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices},
year = {2024},
volume = {10},
number = {01},
pages = {7--18},
issn = {2582-435X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcmm/article=10532}
}

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Sadat Ul Nisa, Sumit Rajak, Ashish Sharma | International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices | Vol 10, Issue 01 | pp. 7-18 | ISSN: 2582-435X

Abstract

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

(Abdelaleem, B. H. A. (2019). Structural behaviour of rubberized concrete containing synthetic fibres (Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland).)
(Alawais, A. (2021). Sustainable concrete with solely recycled and by-product constituents (Doctoral dissertation, Trinity College Dublin. School of Engineering. Disc of Civil Structural & Environmental Eng).)
(Assaggaf, R., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Osta, M. A., Al-Dulaijan, S. U., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Properties and sustainability of treated crumb rubber concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 51, 104250.)
(Aules, W. A. (2011). Replacement in Sand for Cement Mortar. European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(2), 203-210.)
(Chandak, M. A., & Pawade, P. Y. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete mixture: a review. The IJES, 37-41.)
(Dhivya, K., & Priyadharshini, K. (2022). Experimental study on strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate by rubber tyre waste. Materials Today: Proceedings, 52, 1930-1934.)
(Dinakar, P.,Sahoo, P. K., & Sriram, G.(2013). Effect of metakaolin content on the properties of high strength concrete.International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(3), 215-223.)
(Dubey, M., Deo, S. V., & Ramtekkar, G. (2023). Accelerated curing effects on performance of metakaolin concrete. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering.)
(El-Khoja, A. (2019). Mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of rubberised concrete incorporating nano silica.)
FOROUZANI, P. (2016). ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF RUBBERISED CONCRETE INCORPORATING PALM OIL FUEL ASH (Doctoral dissertation, University Teknologi Malaysia).
(Idriss, L. K., & Gamal, Y. A. S. (2022). Properties of Rubberized Concrete Prepared from Different Cement Types. Recycling, 7(3), 39.)
(Jie, X. U., Yao, Z., Yang, G., & Han, Q. (2020). Research on crumb rubber concrete: From a multi-scale review. Construction and Building Materials, 232, 117282.)
(Karunarathna, S., Linforth, S., Kashani, A., Liu, X., & Ngo, T. (2021). Effect of recycled rubber aggregate size on fracture and other mechanical properties of structural concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, 128230.)
(Kaurav, R. S., Gupta, S., & Tiwari, S. P. (2021). Partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste tyre crumb rubber in porous concrete. CR Journal Innovations in Civil Engineering and Management, 1(1), 36-43)
(Keerio, M. A., Saand, A., Chaudhry, R., Bheel, N., ul Karim Bhatti, N., & Soohu, S. (2021). The effect of local metakaolin developed from natural material soorh on selected properties of concrete/mortar. Silicon, 1-10.)
(Khamchin Moghaddam, F., Sri Ravindrarajah, R., & Sirivivatnanon, V. (2015, September). Properties of Metakaolin Concrete–A Review. In International Conference on Sustainable Structural Concrete.)
(Malagavelli, V., Angadi, S., Prasad, J. S. R., & Joshi, S. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete as partial replacement of cement. Int J Civil Eng Technol, 9(7), 105-111.)
(Md. Saifuddin, Maneeth P. D, Brijbhushan (2019). AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARTIALLY REPLACED CRUMB RUBBER WITH FINE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 4072)
(Mohammadi, I. (2014). Investigation on the use of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) for rigid pavements (Doctoral dissertation).)
(Mr. RA. ARVINTH, SHARMILHA.K, MOHAN BABU.M, MATHAN KUMAR.M (2019) Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Crumb Rubber. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 6, Issue 5, 2019.)
(Narayana, G., Narendra, B. K., Kavyashree, K. N., & Kumar, S. (2020). Influence Of Metakaolin and Basalt Fibers On Strength And Durability Of Concrete-An Experimental Approach. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(8), 2757-2767.)
(Nour Eldin, S. H., Sharobim, K., Hassan, H. M., & Ragheb, S. (2021). Durability Study of Metakaolin Concrete. Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 25(1), 41-48.)
(Pillay, D. L., Olalusi, O. B., Kiliswa, M. W., Awoyera, P. O., Kolawole, J. T., & Babafemi, A. J. (2022). Engineering performance of metakaolin based concrete. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 100383.)
(Poon, C. S., Azhar, S., Anson, M., & Wong, Y. L. (2003). Performance of metakaolin concrete at elevated temperatures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1), 83-89).
(Ren, F., Mo, J., Wang, Q., & Ho, J. C. M. (2022). Crumb rubber as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete: An overview. Construction and Building Materials, 343, 128049.)
(Rohit, P., PVSSPG, V., & Sk, Alisha. (2018). Partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber in concrete. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol., 9, 895-903.)
(Saurabh, D., Mainak, M., & Deepak, G. (2022). Mineral admixtures utilization in different areas: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings.)
(Sawant, R. M., & Ghugal, Y. M. (2015). Recent trend: Use of metakaolin as admixture: A review. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 4(12), 08-14.)
(Shao, J., Zhu, H., Zhao, B., Haruna, S. I., Xue, G., Jiang, W., ... & Yang, J. (2022). Combined effect of recycled tire rubber and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 322, 126493.)
(Shtayeh, S. M. S. (2007). Utilization of waste tires in the production of non-structural Portland cement concrete (Doctoral dissertation)
(Siddique, R., & Klaus, J. (2009). Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review. Applied Clay Science, 43(3-4), 392-400.)
(Swapnil Srivastava, Prof. (Dr.) Surendra Roy, Faraz Khan (2022). Study of using Metakaolin and Vetiver Fiber as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ISSN: 2278-0181 (IJERT 11 Issue 06, June-2022)
(Tayeh, A. I. (2013). Effect of Replacement of Sand by Waste Fine Crumb Rubber on Concrete Beam Subject to Impact Load: Experiment and Simulation. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(13), 165-172.)
(Varma, D. V., Rao, G. R., Raju, P. M., & Kumar, M. P. (2021). Compressive strength and durability of Metakaolin blended concrete exposed to acid and sulphate attack. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1025, No. 1, p. 012004). IOP Publishing.)

How to cite this article

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

BibTeX

@article{NisaSU2024,
author = {Sadat Ul Nisa and Sumit Rajak and Ashish Sharma},
title = {A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin},
journal = {International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices},
year = {2024},
volume = {10},
number = {01},
pages = {7--18},
issn = {2582-435X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcmm/article=10532}
}

Sadat Ul Nisa, Sumit Rajak, Ashish Sharma | International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices | Vol 10, Issue 01 | pp. 7-18 | ISSN: 2582-435X

Abstract

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

(Abdelaleem, B. H. A. (2019). Structural behaviour of rubberized concrete containing synthetic fibres (Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland).)
(Alawais, A. (2021). Sustainable concrete with solely recycled and by-product constituents (Doctoral dissertation, Trinity College Dublin. School of Engineering. Disc of Civil Structural & Environmental Eng).)
(Assaggaf, R., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Osta, M. A., Al-Dulaijan, S. U., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Properties and sustainability of treated crumb rubber concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 51, 104250.)
(Aules, W. A. (2011). Replacement in Sand for Cement Mortar. European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(2), 203-210.)
(Chandak, M. A., & Pawade, P. Y. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete mixture: a review. The IJES, 37-41.)
(Dhivya, K., & Priyadharshini, K. (2022). Experimental study on strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate by rubber tyre waste. Materials Today: Proceedings, 52, 1930-1934.)
(Dinakar, P.,Sahoo, P. K., & Sriram, G.(2013). Effect of metakaolin content on the properties of high strength concrete.International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(3), 215-223.)
(Dubey, M., Deo, S. V., & Ramtekkar, G. (2023). Accelerated curing effects on performance of metakaolin concrete. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering.)
(El-Khoja, A. (2019). Mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of rubberised concrete incorporating nano silica.)
FOROUZANI, P. (2016). ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF RUBBERISED CONCRETE INCORPORATING PALM OIL FUEL ASH (Doctoral dissertation, University Teknologi Malaysia).
(Idriss, L. K., & Gamal, Y. A. S. (2022). Properties of Rubberized Concrete Prepared from Different Cement Types. Recycling, 7(3), 39.)
(Jie, X. U., Yao, Z., Yang, G., & Han, Q. (2020). Research on crumb rubber concrete: From a multi-scale review. Construction and Building Materials, 232, 117282.)
(Karunarathna, S., Linforth, S., Kashani, A., Liu, X., & Ngo, T. (2021). Effect of recycled rubber aggregate size on fracture and other mechanical properties of structural concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, 128230.)
(Kaurav, R. S., Gupta, S., & Tiwari, S. P. (2021). Partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste tyre crumb rubber in porous concrete. CR Journal Innovations in Civil Engineering and Management, 1(1), 36-43)
(Keerio, M. A., Saand, A., Chaudhry, R., Bheel, N., ul Karim Bhatti, N., & Soohu, S. (2021). The effect of local metakaolin developed from natural material soorh on selected properties of concrete/mortar. Silicon, 1-10.)
(Khamchin Moghaddam, F., Sri Ravindrarajah, R., & Sirivivatnanon, V. (2015, September). Properties of Metakaolin Concrete–A Review. In International Conference on Sustainable Structural Concrete.)
(Malagavelli, V., Angadi, S., Prasad, J. S. R., & Joshi, S. (2018). Influence of metakaolin in concrete as partial replacement of cement. Int J Civil Eng Technol, 9(7), 105-111.)
(Md. Saifuddin, Maneeth P. D, Brijbhushan (2019). AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARTIALLY REPLACED CRUMB RUBBER WITH FINE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 4072)
(Mohammadi, I. (2014). Investigation on the use of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) for rigid pavements (Doctoral dissertation).)
(Mr. RA. ARVINTH, SHARMILHA.K, MOHAN BABU.M, MATHAN KUMAR.M (2019) Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Crumb Rubber. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 6, Issue 5, 2019.)
(Narayana, G., Narendra, B. K., Kavyashree, K. N., & Kumar, S. (2020). Influence Of Metakaolin and Basalt Fibers On Strength And Durability Of Concrete-An Experimental Approach. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(8), 2757-2767.)
(Nour Eldin, S. H., Sharobim, K., Hassan, H. M., & Ragheb, S. (2021). Durability Study of Metakaolin Concrete. Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 25(1), 41-48.)
(Pillay, D. L., Olalusi, O. B., Kiliswa, M. W., Awoyera, P. O., Kolawole, J. T., & Babafemi, A. J. (2022). Engineering performance of metakaolin based concrete. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 100383.)
(Poon, C. S., Azhar, S., Anson, M., & Wong, Y. L. (2003). Performance of metakaolin concrete at elevated temperatures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1), 83-89).
(Ren, F., Mo, J., Wang, Q., & Ho, J. C. M. (2022). Crumb rubber as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete: An overview. Construction and Building Materials, 343, 128049.)
(Rohit, P., PVSSPG, V., & Sk, Alisha. (2018). Partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber in concrete. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol., 9, 895-903.)
(Saurabh, D., Mainak, M., & Deepak, G. (2022). Mineral admixtures utilization in different areas: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings.)
(Sawant, R. M., & Ghugal, Y. M. (2015). Recent trend: Use of metakaolin as admixture: A review. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 4(12), 08-14.)
(Shao, J., Zhu, H., Zhao, B., Haruna, S. I., Xue, G., Jiang, W., ... & Yang, J. (2022). Combined effect of recycled tire rubber and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 322, 126493.)
(Shtayeh, S. M. S. (2007). Utilization of waste tires in the production of non-structural Portland cement concrete (Doctoral dissertation)
(Siddique, R., & Klaus, J. (2009). Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review. Applied Clay Science, 43(3-4), 392-400.)
(Swapnil Srivastava, Prof. (Dr.) Surendra Roy, Faraz Khan (2022). Study of using Metakaolin and Vetiver Fiber as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ISSN: 2278-0181 (IJERT 11 Issue 06, June-2022)
(Tayeh, A. I. (2013). Effect of Replacement of Sand by Waste Fine Crumb Rubber on Concrete Beam Subject to Impact Load: Experiment and Simulation. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(13), 165-172.)
(Varma, D. V., Rao, G. R., Raju, P. M., & Kumar, M. P. (2021). Compressive strength and durability of Metakaolin blended concrete exposed to acid and sulphate attack. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1025, No. 1, p. 012004). IOP Publishing.)

How to cite this article

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

BibTeX

@article{NisaSU2024,
author = {Sadat Ul Nisa and Sumit Rajak and Ashish Sharma},
title = {A Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Crumb Rubber and Cement with Metakaolin},
journal = {International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices},
year = {2024},
volume = {10},
number = {01},
pages = {7--18},
issn = {2582-435X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcmm/article=10532}
}

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