Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Anitha KC; Jhansi Rani M.

Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Anitha KC, Jhansi Rani M. | International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 02 | pp. 2-12

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has emerged as a cornerstone non-pharmacological intervention aimed at improving functional capacity and overall well-being in COPD patients. This article evaluates the effectiveness of PR programmes on functional capacity, particularly focusing on exercise tolerance, dyspnea, and quality of life outcomes. Evidence from recent randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews demonstrates that PR significantly enhances the six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, reduces symptom burden, and improves psychosocial outcomes. Furthermore, supervised and individualized programmes yield superior benefits compared to unsupervised interventions. Despite strong evidence supporting PR, challenges such as accessibility, adherence, and long-term sustainability remain. The article highlights the need for tailored rehabilitation strategies and integration of technology to enhance patient outcomes.

Keywords: COPD, Pulmonary rehabilitation, Functional capacity, Exercise tolerance, Dyspnea, Quality of life.

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References

Agustí, A., Hogg, J. C., & Timens, W. (2018). Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Understanding the contributions of gene–environment interactions. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 6(7), 567–579.
Alison, J. A., McKeough, Z. J., Johnston, K., McNamara, R. J., Spencer, L. M., Jenkins, S. C., & Hill, C. J. (2017). Australian and New Zealand pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Respirology, 22(4), 800–819.
Barreiro, E., & Gea, J. (2018). Respiratory and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 15(2), 178–188.
Celli, B. R., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2019). Update on clinical aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(13), 1257–1266.
Chen, Z., et al. (2024). Pulmonary rehabilitation and outcomes in COPD: A comprehensive review. BMC Medicine, 22(1), 3605.
Gea, J., Pascual, S., Casadevall, C., Orozco-Levi, M., & Barreiro, E. (2023). Muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Update on causes and biological findings. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1234.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). (2023). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GOLD Report.
Guecamburu, E., et al. (2023). Pulmonary rehabilitation after COPD exacerbations: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Research, 24(1), 93.
Han, J., et al. (2024). Inspiratory muscle training in COPD rehabilitation: A systematic review. Life, 14(11), 1470.
Harrison, S. L., Greening, N. J., Williams, J. E. A., Morgan, M. D. L., & Steiner, M. C. (2016). Have we underestimated the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving mood? Respiratory Medicine, 112, 28–35.
Hartman, J. E., et al. (2023). Tele-rehabilitation in COPD: Effectiveness and implementation. Respiratory Medicine, 204, 107002.
He, M., Yu, S., Wang, L., & Lv, H. (2023). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 18, 1123–1135.
Holland, A. E., Mahal, A., Hill, C. J., Lee, A. L., Burge, A. T., Cox, N. S., & McDonald, C. F. (2022). Home-based rehabilitation for COPD using minimal resources: A randomized controlled equivalence trial. Thorax, 77(1), 47–54.
Holland, A. E., Spruit, M. A., Troosters, T., Puhan, M. A., Pepin, V., Saey, D., & Wouters, E. F. (2017). An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: Field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600019.
Jenkins, A. R., Gowler, H., Curtis, F., Holden, N. S., Bridle, C., & Jones, A. W. (2024). Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation interventions in COPD: Updated systematic review. Thorax, 79(2), 213–221.
Li, X., et al. (2022). Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea and exercise capacity in COPD: Meta-analysis. Respiratory Care, 67(9), 1120–1130.
Lim, S., et al. (2025). Accessibility challenges in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes: A global perspective. International Journal of COPD, 20, 455–468.
Machado, A., et al. (2025). Short-term pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: Randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine, 215, 107350.
Maltais, F., Decramer, M., Casaburi, R., Barreiro, E., Burelle, Y., Debigaré, R., & Gayan-Ramirez, G. (2019). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(9), e1–e25.
McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., & Lacasse, Y. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(2), CD003793.
Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Gonzalez-Jimenez, E., & Ramirez-Velez, R. (2023). Effects of exercise training on COPD outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107174.
Nagata, K., et al. (2020). Effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy during exercise in COPD patients. Respirology, 25(6), 612–619.
Nici, L., & ZuWallack, R. (2020). Pulmonary rehabilitation for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 41(3), 457–469.
O’Connor, S., et al. (2025). Digital health and tele-rehabilitation in COPD management. npj Digital Medicine, 8(1), 42.
O’Donnell, D. E., Milne, K. M., James, M. D., de Torres, J. P., & Neder, J. A. (2019). Dyspnea in COPD: New mechanistic insights and management implications. Advances in Therapy, 36(9), 2262–2285.
Puhan, M. A., Gimeno-Santos, E., Cates, C. J., & Troosters, T. (2016). Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(12), CD005305.
Qin, L., et al. (2025). Factors influencing participation in pulmonary rehabilitation: A mixed-methods systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 25(1), 369.
Robinson, H., et al. (2018). Social support and adherence in pulmonary rehabilitation. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 28(1), 8.
Rochester, C. L., Vogiatzis, I., Holland, A. E., Lareau, S. C., Marciniuk, D. D., Puhan, M. A., & Spruit, M. A. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society policy statement: Enhancing implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 192(11), 1373–1386.
Silva, V., Oliveira, A., & Marques, A. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation programs: A systematic review. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 32(1), 1–10.
Spruit, M. A., Singh, S. J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., & Wouters, E. F. (2018). An official ATS/ERS statement: Key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188(8), e13–e64.
Stafinski, T., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation: Systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 120.
Troosters, T., Blondeel, A., Janssens, W., & Demeyer, H. (2020). The past, present and future of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respirology, 25(8), 830–839.
Uzzaman, M. N., et al. (2022). Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3), 789.
Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., & Agustí, A. (2017). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(5), 557–582.
Watson, A., et al. (2023). Barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation referral and uptake: A systematic review. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107200.
Zerbo Šporin, M., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients: Systematic review. Healthcare, 10(10), 1959.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 876524.
Zhou, Y., et al. (2025). Psychological and behavioral barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients. Respiratory Research, 26(1), 118.
Zhu, Y., Zhong, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Effects of mind–body exercise on COPD rehabilitation outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14, 69394.

How to cite this article

APA

KC, A., & M., J. R. (2026). Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 12(02), 2-12.

MLA

KC, Anitha, and Jhansi Rani M.. “Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 12, no. 02, 2026, pp. 2-12.

Chicago

Anitha KC, and Jhansi Rani M.. “Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 12, no. 02 (2026): 2-12.

Vancouver

KC A, M. JR. Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2026;12(02):2-12.

BibTeX

@article{KCA2026,
author = {Anitha KC and Jhansi Rani M.},
title = {Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {02},
pages = {2--12},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcn/article=25433}
}

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Anitha KC, Jhansi Rani M. | International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 02 | pp. 2-12

Abstract

Keywords: COPD, Pulmonary rehabilitation, Functional capacity, Exercise tolerance, Dyspnea, Quality of life.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

Agustí, A., Hogg, J. C., & Timens, W. (2018). Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Understanding the contributions of gene–environment interactions. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 6(7), 567–579.
Alison, J. A., McKeough, Z. J., Johnston, K., McNamara, R. J., Spencer, L. M., Jenkins, S. C., & Hill, C. J. (2017). Australian and New Zealand pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Respirology, 22(4), 800–819.
Barreiro, E., & Gea, J. (2018). Respiratory and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 15(2), 178–188.
Celli, B. R., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2019). Update on clinical aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(13), 1257–1266.
Chen, Z., et al. (2024). Pulmonary rehabilitation and outcomes in COPD: A comprehensive review. BMC Medicine, 22(1), 3605.
Gea, J., Pascual, S., Casadevall, C., Orozco-Levi, M., & Barreiro, E. (2023). Muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Update on causes and biological findings. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1234.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). (2023). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GOLD Report.
Guecamburu, E., et al. (2023). Pulmonary rehabilitation after COPD exacerbations: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Research, 24(1), 93.
Han, J., et al. (2024). Inspiratory muscle training in COPD rehabilitation: A systematic review. Life, 14(11), 1470.
Harrison, S. L., Greening, N. J., Williams, J. E. A., Morgan, M. D. L., & Steiner, M. C. (2016). Have we underestimated the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving mood? Respiratory Medicine, 112, 28–35.
Hartman, J. E., et al. (2023). Tele-rehabilitation in COPD: Effectiveness and implementation. Respiratory Medicine, 204, 107002.
He, M., Yu, S., Wang, L., & Lv, H. (2023). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 18, 1123–1135.
Holland, A. E., Mahal, A., Hill, C. J., Lee, A. L., Burge, A. T., Cox, N. S., & McDonald, C. F. (2022). Home-based rehabilitation for COPD using minimal resources: A randomized controlled equivalence trial. Thorax, 77(1), 47–54.
Holland, A. E., Spruit, M. A., Troosters, T., Puhan, M. A., Pepin, V., Saey, D., & Wouters, E. F. (2017). An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: Field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600019.
Jenkins, A. R., Gowler, H., Curtis, F., Holden, N. S., Bridle, C., & Jones, A. W. (2024). Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation interventions in COPD: Updated systematic review. Thorax, 79(2), 213–221.
Li, X., et al. (2022). Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea and exercise capacity in COPD: Meta-analysis. Respiratory Care, 67(9), 1120–1130.
Lim, S., et al. (2025). Accessibility challenges in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes: A global perspective. International Journal of COPD, 20, 455–468.
Machado, A., et al. (2025). Short-term pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: Randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine, 215, 107350.
Maltais, F., Decramer, M., Casaburi, R., Barreiro, E., Burelle, Y., Debigaré, R., & Gayan-Ramirez, G. (2019). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(9), e1–e25.
McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., & Lacasse, Y. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(2), CD003793.
Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Gonzalez-Jimenez, E., & Ramirez-Velez, R. (2023). Effects of exercise training on COPD outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107174.
Nagata, K., et al. (2020). Effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy during exercise in COPD patients. Respirology, 25(6), 612–619.
Nici, L., & ZuWallack, R. (2020). Pulmonary rehabilitation for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 41(3), 457–469.
O’Connor, S., et al. (2025). Digital health and tele-rehabilitation in COPD management. npj Digital Medicine, 8(1), 42.
O’Donnell, D. E., Milne, K. M., James, M. D., de Torres, J. P., & Neder, J. A. (2019). Dyspnea in COPD: New mechanistic insights and management implications. Advances in Therapy, 36(9), 2262–2285.
Puhan, M. A., Gimeno-Santos, E., Cates, C. J., & Troosters, T. (2016). Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(12), CD005305.
Qin, L., et al. (2025). Factors influencing participation in pulmonary rehabilitation: A mixed-methods systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 25(1), 369.
Robinson, H., et al. (2018). Social support and adherence in pulmonary rehabilitation. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 28(1), 8.
Rochester, C. L., Vogiatzis, I., Holland, A. E., Lareau, S. C., Marciniuk, D. D., Puhan, M. A., & Spruit, M. A. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society policy statement: Enhancing implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 192(11), 1373–1386.
Silva, V., Oliveira, A., & Marques, A. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation programs: A systematic review. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 32(1), 1–10.
Spruit, M. A., Singh, S. J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., & Wouters, E. F. (2018). An official ATS/ERS statement: Key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188(8), e13–e64.
Stafinski, T., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation: Systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 120.
Troosters, T., Blondeel, A., Janssens, W., & Demeyer, H. (2020). The past, present and future of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respirology, 25(8), 830–839.
Uzzaman, M. N., et al. (2022). Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3), 789.
Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., & Agustí, A. (2017). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(5), 557–582.
Watson, A., et al. (2023). Barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation referral and uptake: A systematic review. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107200.
Zerbo Šporin, M., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients: Systematic review. Healthcare, 10(10), 1959.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 876524.
Zhou, Y., et al. (2025). Psychological and behavioral barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients. Respiratory Research, 26(1), 118.
Zhu, Y., Zhong, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Effects of mind–body exercise on COPD rehabilitation outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14, 69394.

How to cite this article

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

BibTeX

@article{KCA2026,
author = {Anitha KC and Jhansi Rani M.},
title = {Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {02},
pages = {2--12},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcn/article=25433}
}

Anitha KC, Jhansi Rani M. | International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 02 | pp. 2-12

Abstract

Keywords: COPD, Pulmonary rehabilitation, Functional capacity, Exercise tolerance, Dyspnea, Quality of life.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

Agustí, A., Hogg, J. C., & Timens, W. (2018). Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Understanding the contributions of gene–environment interactions. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 6(7), 567–579.
Alison, J. A., McKeough, Z. J., Johnston, K., McNamara, R. J., Spencer, L. M., Jenkins, S. C., & Hill, C. J. (2017). Australian and New Zealand pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Respirology, 22(4), 800–819.
Barreiro, E., & Gea, J. (2018). Respiratory and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 15(2), 178–188.
Celli, B. R., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2019). Update on clinical aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(13), 1257–1266.
Chen, Z., et al. (2024). Pulmonary rehabilitation and outcomes in COPD: A comprehensive review. BMC Medicine, 22(1), 3605.
Gea, J., Pascual, S., Casadevall, C., Orozco-Levi, M., & Barreiro, E. (2023). Muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Update on causes and biological findings. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1234.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). (2023). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GOLD Report.
Guecamburu, E., et al. (2023). Pulmonary rehabilitation after COPD exacerbations: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Research, 24(1), 93.
Han, J., et al. (2024). Inspiratory muscle training in COPD rehabilitation: A systematic review. Life, 14(11), 1470.
Harrison, S. L., Greening, N. J., Williams, J. E. A., Morgan, M. D. L., & Steiner, M. C. (2016). Have we underestimated the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving mood? Respiratory Medicine, 112, 28–35.
Hartman, J. E., et al. (2023). Tele-rehabilitation in COPD: Effectiveness and implementation. Respiratory Medicine, 204, 107002.
He, M., Yu, S., Wang, L., & Lv, H. (2023). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 18, 1123–1135.
Holland, A. E., Mahal, A., Hill, C. J., Lee, A. L., Burge, A. T., Cox, N. S., & McDonald, C. F. (2022). Home-based rehabilitation for COPD using minimal resources: A randomized controlled equivalence trial. Thorax, 77(1), 47–54.
Holland, A. E., Spruit, M. A., Troosters, T., Puhan, M. A., Pepin, V., Saey, D., & Wouters, E. F. (2017). An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: Field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600019.
Jenkins, A. R., Gowler, H., Curtis, F., Holden, N. S., Bridle, C., & Jones, A. W. (2024). Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation interventions in COPD: Updated systematic review. Thorax, 79(2), 213–221.
Li, X., et al. (2022). Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea and exercise capacity in COPD: Meta-analysis. Respiratory Care, 67(9), 1120–1130.
Lim, S., et al. (2025). Accessibility challenges in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes: A global perspective. International Journal of COPD, 20, 455–468.
Machado, A., et al. (2025). Short-term pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: Randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine, 215, 107350.
Maltais, F., Decramer, M., Casaburi, R., Barreiro, E., Burelle, Y., Debigaré, R., & Gayan-Ramirez, G. (2019). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(9), e1–e25.
McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., & Lacasse, Y. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(2), CD003793.
Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Gonzalez-Jimenez, E., & Ramirez-Velez, R. (2023). Effects of exercise training on COPD outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107174.
Nagata, K., et al. (2020). Effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy during exercise in COPD patients. Respirology, 25(6), 612–619.
Nici, L., & ZuWallack, R. (2020). Pulmonary rehabilitation for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 41(3), 457–469.
O’Connor, S., et al. (2025). Digital health and tele-rehabilitation in COPD management. npj Digital Medicine, 8(1), 42.
O’Donnell, D. E., Milne, K. M., James, M. D., de Torres, J. P., & Neder, J. A. (2019). Dyspnea in COPD: New mechanistic insights and management implications. Advances in Therapy, 36(9), 2262–2285.
Puhan, M. A., Gimeno-Santos, E., Cates, C. J., & Troosters, T. (2016). Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(12), CD005305.
Qin, L., et al. (2025). Factors influencing participation in pulmonary rehabilitation: A mixed-methods systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 25(1), 369.
Robinson, H., et al. (2018). Social support and adherence in pulmonary rehabilitation. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 28(1), 8.
Rochester, C. L., Vogiatzis, I., Holland, A. E., Lareau, S. C., Marciniuk, D. D., Puhan, M. A., & Spruit, M. A. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society policy statement: Enhancing implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 192(11), 1373–1386.
Silva, V., Oliveira, A., & Marques, A. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation programs: A systematic review. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 32(1), 1–10.
Spruit, M. A., Singh, S. J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., & Wouters, E. F. (2018). An official ATS/ERS statement: Key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188(8), e13–e64.
Stafinski, T., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation: Systematic review. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 120.
Troosters, T., Blondeel, A., Janssens, W., & Demeyer, H. (2020). The past, present and future of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respirology, 25(8), 830–839.
Uzzaman, M. N., et al. (2022). Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3), 789.
Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., & Agustí, A. (2017). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(5), 557–582.
Watson, A., et al. (2023). Barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation referral and uptake: A systematic review. Respiratory Medicine, 210, 107200.
Zerbo Šporin, M., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients: Systematic review. Healthcare, 10(10), 1959.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2022). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 876524.
Zhou, Y., et al. (2025). Psychological and behavioral barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients. Respiratory Research, 26(1), 118.
Zhu, Y., Zhong, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Effects of mind–body exercise on COPD rehabilitation outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14, 69394.

How to cite this article

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

BibTeX

@article{KCA2026,
author = {Anitha KC and Jhansi Rani M.},
title = {Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {02},
pages = {2--12},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcn/article=25433}
}

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