Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the use of machines, especially computers, to act intelligently without much human interference. AI is basically accepted as coming into existence with the development of robots. The term robot derives from the word robata, that means use of biosynthetic machines as forced labor. Now a days, AI is spreading its arms in the medical field by use of robotic-assisted surgery, for complex urologic and gynecologic procedures. The stage for this innovation was set by robotic sketchbooks of DaVinci's. AI, defined as the scientific and engineering innovation of constructing intelligent machines officially came into existence in 1956. This term includes a broad range of items in medicine such as robotics, medical diagnosis, medical statistics, and human biology. This paper focuses on use of AI in medicinal drugs, that has two main branches: virtual and physical. The virtual branch involves the use of informatics approaches of deep learning information management, to have a control on health management systems, in terms of electronic health records, and active guidance to physicians in their treatment decisions. The physical branch refers to the use of robots to assist the elderly patient or to attend the surgeon. Moreover, targeted nanorobots, a unique new drug delivery system is also included in this branch. Apart from this, the societal and ethical complexities of these applications that require further reflection, proof of their medical utility, economic value, and development of interdisciplinary strategies for their wider application are also included in this research paper.

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• Bartgis J, Albright G. Online role-play simulations with emotionally responsive avatars for the early detection of Native youth psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Research: the Journal of the National Center. 2016 Jun 1;23(2).
• Cornet** G. Chapter 4. Robot companions and ethics: A pragmatic approach of ethical design. Journal international de bioéthique. 2013 Dec;24(4):49-58.
• Felfoul O, Mohammadi M, Taherkhani S, De Lanauze D, Zhong Xu Y, Loghin D, Essa S, Jancik S, Houle D, Lafleur M, Gaboury L. Magneto-aerotactic bacteria deliver drug-containing nanoliposomes to tumour hypoxic regions. Nature nanotechnology. 2016 Nov;11(11):941-7.
• Holmes J, Sacchi L, Bellazzi R. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004; 86:334-8.
• Kalton A, Falconer E, Docherty J, Alevras D, Brann D, Johnson K. Multi-agent-based simulation of a complex ecosystem of mental health care. Journal of medical systems. 2016 Feb; 40:1-8.
• Larson JA, Johnson MH, Bhayani SB. Application of surgical safety standards to robotic surgery: five principles of ethics for nonmaleficence. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2014 Feb 1;218(2):290-3.
• Luxton DD. Recommendations for the ethical use and design of artificial intelligent care providers. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2014 Sep 1;62(1):1-0. Mori (1970). ``Bukimi notani [theun-cannyvalley]”, Energy,77,33–38.
• Needham J. Science and Civilisation in China, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press; 1965 Jan 2.
• Pouke M, Häkkilä J. Elderly healthcare monitoring using an avatar-based 3D virtual environment. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2013 Dec;10(12):7283-98.
• Rapakoulia T, Theofilatos K, Kleftogiannis D, Likothanasis S, Tsakalidis A, Mavroudi S. EnsembleGASVR: a novel ensemble method for classifying missense single nucleotide polymorphisms. Bioinformatics. 2014 Apr 26;30(16):2324-33.
• Silverman BG, Hanrahan N, Bharathy G, Gordon K, Johnson D. A systems approach to healthcare: agent-based modeling, community mental health, and population well-being. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2015 Feb 1;63(2):61-71.
• Theofilatos K, Pavlopoulou N, Papasavvas C, Likothanassis S, Dimitrakopoulos C, Georgopoulos E, Moschopoulos C, Mavroudi S. Predicting protein complexes from weighted protein–protein interaction graphs with a novel unsupervised methodology: evolutionary enhanced Markov clustering. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2015 Mar 1;63(3):181-9.
• Wiener N. Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT press; 2019 Oct 8.
• Schwab K. World economic forum. Global Competitiveness Report (2014-2015). 2015.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the use of machines, especially computers, to act intelligently without much human interference. AI is basically accepted as coming into existence with the development of robots. The term robot derives from the word robata, that means use of biosynthetic machines as forced labor. Now a days, AI is spreading its arms in the medical field by use of robotic-assisted surgery, for complex urologic and gynecologic procedures. The stage for this innovation was set by robotic sketchbooks of DaVinci's. AI, defined as the scientific and engineering innovation of constructing intelligent machines officially came into existence in 1956. This term includes a broad range of items in medicine such as robotics, medical diagnosis, medical statistics, and human biology. This paper focuses on use of AI in medicinal drugs, that has two main branches: virtual and physical. The virtual branch involves the use of informatics approaches of deep learning information management, to have a control on health management systems, in terms of electronic health records, and active guidance to physicians in their treatment decisions. The physical branch refers to the use of robots to assist the elderly patient or to attend the surgeon. Moreover, targeted nanorobots, a unique new drug delivery system is also included in this branch. Apart from this, the societal and ethical complexities of these applications that require further reflection, proof of their medical utility, economic value, and development of interdisciplinary strategies for their wider application are also included in this research paper.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

• Bartgis J, Albright G. Online role-play simulations with emotionally responsive avatars for the early detection of Native youth psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Research: the Journal of the National Center. 2016 Jun 1;23(2).
• Cornet** G. Chapter 4. Robot companions and ethics: A pragmatic approach of ethical design. Journal international de bioéthique. 2013 Dec;24(4):49-58.
• Felfoul O, Mohammadi M, Taherkhani S, De Lanauze D, Zhong Xu Y, Loghin D, Essa S, Jancik S, Houle D, Lafleur M, Gaboury L. Magneto-aerotactic bacteria deliver drug-containing nanoliposomes to tumour hypoxic regions. Nature nanotechnology. 2016 Nov;11(11):941-7.
• Holmes J, Sacchi L, Bellazzi R. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004; 86:334-8.
• Kalton A, Falconer E, Docherty J, Alevras D, Brann D, Johnson K. Multi-agent-based simulation of a complex ecosystem of mental health care. Journal of medical systems. 2016 Feb; 40:1-8.
• Larson JA, Johnson MH, Bhayani SB. Application of surgical safety standards to robotic surgery: five principles of ethics for nonmaleficence. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2014 Feb 1;218(2):290-3.
• Luxton DD. Recommendations for the ethical use and design of artificial intelligent care providers. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2014 Sep 1;62(1):1-0. Mori (1970). ``Bukimi notani [theun-cannyvalley]”, Energy,77,33–38.
• Needham J. Science and Civilisation in China, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press; 1965 Jan 2.
• Pouke M, Häkkilä J. Elderly healthcare monitoring using an avatar-based 3D virtual environment. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2013 Dec;10(12):7283-98.
• Rapakoulia T, Theofilatos K, Kleftogiannis D, Likothanasis S, Tsakalidis A, Mavroudi S. EnsembleGASVR: a novel ensemble method for classifying missense single nucleotide polymorphisms. Bioinformatics. 2014 Apr 26;30(16):2324-33.
• Silverman BG, Hanrahan N, Bharathy G, Gordon K, Johnson D. A systems approach to healthcare: agent-based modeling, community mental health, and population well-being. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2015 Feb 1;63(2):61-71.
• Theofilatos K, Pavlopoulou N, Papasavvas C, Likothanassis S, Dimitrakopoulos C, Georgopoulos E, Moschopoulos C, Mavroudi S. Predicting protein complexes from weighted protein–protein interaction graphs with a novel unsupervised methodology: evolutionary enhanced Markov clustering. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2015 Mar 1;63(3):181-9.
• Wiener N. Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT press; 2019 Oct 8.
• Schwab K. World economic forum. Global Competitiveness Report (2014-2015). 2015.