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By: Pefela Gildas Nyugha and Kohtem Princewil Sambit.
1Lecturer, Department of English Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
2Ph.D. Student, Department of English Law Laboratory, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) and Cameroon, like many coastal regions worldwide, face mounting threats to marine biodiversity due to both natural and human-induced factors. Among the primary challenges are pollution from industrial and domestic sources, habitat destruction caused by coastal development, the introduction of invasive species, unsustainable fishing practices, and the broader impacts of climate change. These threats collectively endanger marine ecosystems, disrupt food chains, and reduce biodiversity, posing long-term risks to economic and environmental stability. This article examines these pressing issues while highlighting the legal frameworks – both international and domestic – that have been established to protect marine biodiversity. Although several policies and treaties exist to regulate marine conservation, challenges, such as gaps in implementation, weak enforcement mechanisms, and conflicts between economic growth and environmental protection continue to hinder progress. Cameroon serves as a case study to illustrate how legal shortcomings, ineffective governance, and limited institutional capacity contribute to ongoing biodiversity loss. The discussion underscores the need for stronger legal reforms, enhanced enforcement strategies, and regional cooperation among the Gulf of Guinea nations. By addressing these deficiencies, policymakers can work towards a more sustainable approach to marine conservation, ensuring the long-term health of marine ecosystems and the communities that depend on them.
Citation:
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