Crude oil pollution is a major environmental concern that can cause significant damage to soil ecosystems. Bioremediation, a natural process in which microorganisms degrade pollutants, has emerged as a promising approach for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Grape leaf powder (Vitis Vinifera), a readily available and inexpensive organic material, has been shown to stimulate microbial activity and enhance bioremediation. This study investigated the effectiveness of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated sandy soil. The study examined the effects of two dosages of grape leaf powder (50g and 100g) for sundried and room-dried samples on the reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations and microbial counts in the soil. The results showed that both dosages of grape leaf powder were effective at reducing TPH concentrations and increasing microbial counts in the soil. However, the room-dried vitis vinifera achieved higher TPH reduction than sundried at 100g dosage reducing TPH concentrations by up to 96.3% after 35 days. The effectiveness of grape leaf powder is likely due to its high levels of organic matter and nutrients, which provide a food source and stimulate the growth and activity of microorganisms. This study demonstrates that grape leaf powder is a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated sandy soil.

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1. Lu Y, Sun Y. Evaluation of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2010;29(1):29–35.
2. Wang Z, Liu W. Effects of grape leaf powder on the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci. 2011;23(1):137–143.
3. Al-Hawash AB, Dragh MA, Li S, Alhujaily A, Abbood HA, Zhang X, et al. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2018;44:71–76.
4. Lin J, Gan J. The use of grape leaf powder for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci Health B. 2010;45(2):177–183.
5. Neha J, Swati S. Phytoextraction potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) for Cd detoxification. Clim Change Environ Sustain. 2018;6(2):154–159.
6. Okorondu JN. Bioremediation of crude oil spills on sandy soil using grape leaf. J Environ Sci Technol. 2022;15(1):1–10.
7. Ukpaka CP, Nwankwo IC, Igbokwe CC. Potentiality of grape leaves extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Int J Environ Pollut. 2016;52(1):131–140.
8. Jain V, Sharma S, Kaur P. Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using plant-associated microorganisms. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 2011;65(1):59–65.
9. Amagbo LG, Ere W. Predictive model for TPH degradation in soil amended with spent mushroom. Am J Eng Res. 2019;8(1):160–165.
10. Nwogu TA. Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons after amendment with Capra aegagrus hircus (Goat) manure. Biotechnol Res Int. 2015:1–7.
11. Wu Y, Chu Y, Yu H. Biostimulation of indigenous microorganisms for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with grape leaf powder. J Environ Manage. 2010;91(11):2645–2651.
12. Jaiswal D, Patel VC, Singh N. Evaluation of organic amendments for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2010;17(5):759–771.
13. Naveed M, Mitter B, Yousaf S. The endophyte Enterobacter sp. FD17: A maize growth enhancer selected based on rigorous testing of plant beneficial traits and colonization characteristics. Biol Fertil Soils. 2014:249–262.
14. Liu Z, Wang Q. Enhanced bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by co-stimulation with grape leaf powder and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. J Hazard Mater. 2009;164(1–3):297–304.
15. Uba IA, Anyanwu JO. Potential of grape leaf extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104645.
16. Nikakhtari H, Kumar P, Nemati M, Hill GA. Mass transfer and bioremediation of aromatics from NAPL in a baffled roller bioreactor. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2008;86:252–258.

Crude oil pollution is a major environmental concern that can cause significant damage to soil ecosystems. Bioremediation, a natural process in which microorganisms degrade pollutants, has emerged as a promising approach for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Grape leaf powder (Vitis Vinifera), a readily available and inexpensive organic material, has been shown to stimulate microbial activity and enhance bioremediation. This study investigated the effectiveness of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated sandy soil. The study examined the effects of two dosages of grape leaf powder (50g and 100g) for sundried and room-dried samples on the reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations and microbial counts in the soil. The results showed that both dosages of grape leaf powder were effective at reducing TPH concentrations and increasing microbial counts in the soil. However, the room-dried vitis vinifera achieved higher TPH reduction than sundried at 100g dosage reducing TPH concentrations by up to 96.3% after 35 days. The effectiveness of grape leaf powder is likely due to its high levels of organic matter and nutrients, which provide a food source and stimulate the growth and activity of microorganisms. This study demonstrates that grape leaf powder is a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated sandy soil.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Lu Y, Sun Y. Evaluation of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2010;29(1):29–35.
2. Wang Z, Liu W. Effects of grape leaf powder on the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci. 2011;23(1):137–143.
3. Al-Hawash AB, Dragh MA, Li S, Alhujaily A, Abbood HA, Zhang X, et al. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2018;44:71–76.
4. Lin J, Gan J. The use of grape leaf powder for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci Health B. 2010;45(2):177–183.
5. Neha J, Swati S. Phytoextraction potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) for Cd detoxification. Clim Change Environ Sustain. 2018;6(2):154–159.
6. Okorondu JN. Bioremediation of crude oil spills on sandy soil using grape leaf. J Environ Sci Technol. 2022;15(1):1–10.
7. Ukpaka CP, Nwankwo IC, Igbokwe CC. Potentiality of grape leaves extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Int J Environ Pollut. 2016;52(1):131–140.
8. Jain V, Sharma S, Kaur P. Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using plant-associated microorganisms. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 2011;65(1):59–65.
9. Amagbo LG, Ere W. Predictive model for TPH degradation in soil amended with spent mushroom. Am J Eng Res. 2019;8(1):160–165.
10. Nwogu TA. Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons after amendment with Capra aegagrus hircus (Goat) manure. Biotechnol Res Int. 2015:1–7.
11. Wu Y, Chu Y, Yu H. Biostimulation of indigenous microorganisms for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with grape leaf powder. J Environ Manage. 2010;91(11):2645–2651.
12. Jaiswal D, Patel VC, Singh N. Evaluation of organic amendments for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2010;17(5):759–771.
13. Naveed M, Mitter B, Yousaf S. The endophyte Enterobacter sp. FD17: A maize growth enhancer selected based on rigorous testing of plant beneficial traits and colonization characteristics. Biol Fertil Soils. 2014:249–262.
14. Liu Z, Wang Q. Enhanced bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by co-stimulation with grape leaf powder and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. J Hazard Mater. 2009;164(1–3):297–304.
15. Uba IA, Anyanwu JO. Potential of grape leaf extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104645.
16. Nikakhtari H, Kumar P, Nemati M, Hill GA. Mass transfer and bioremediation of aromatics from NAPL in a baffled roller bioreactor. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2008;86:252–258.