One of the biggest challenges facing contemporary democracies is guaranteeing the safety and openness of electoral procedures. Issues like voter fraud, tampering, and lack of transparency are common in traditional voting systems, whether they are electronic or paper-based, and they can erode public confidence. Blockchain technology, which provides a decentralized, transparent, and unchangeable electronic voting mechanism, has emerged as a viable remedy for these issues. This paper explores the implementation of “Blockchain Technology” in e-voting systems, evaluating its potential for increasing transparency and security while addressing the challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of “Blockchain Technology” in the e-voting system. Through addressing the aims and objectives of this comparative analysis, this paper gathered the primary data by conducting a survey, with 61 survey participants. The collected information about the security and transparency of the systems through primary data collection was analyzed through quantitative analysis. The data analysis and findings of this study showed that blockchain technology effectively improves the transparent and security of e-voting system. The conclusion of this study indicates that blockchain technology provides a reliable and promising alternative for the electoral process.

Keywords:Blockchain technology, E-Voting, voter rights, electronic voting, democracy

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1. Jafar U, Aziz MJ, Shukur Z. Blockchain for electronic voting system—review and open research challenges. Sensors. 2021 Aug 31;21(17):5874.
2. Huang J, He D, Obaidat MS, Vijayakumar P, Luo M, Choo KK. The application of blockchain technology in voting systems: A review. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR). 2021 Apr 17;54(3):1–28.
3. Appel AW, DeMillo RA, Stark PB. Ballot-marking devices cannot ensure the will of the voters. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy. 2020 Sep 1;19(3):432–50.
4. Nemes M, Schwerdt R, Achenbach D, Löwe B, Müller-Quade J. And Paper-Based is Better? Towards Comparability of Classic and Cryptographic Voting Schemes. Cryptology ePrint Archive. 2021.
5. Rosacker KM, Rosacker RE. Voting is a right: A decade of societal, technological and experiential progress towards the goal of remote-access voting. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. 2020 Dec 12;14(5):701–12.
6. Yadav KM, Sharma M, Chaudhary S. Online Voting System. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021 Aug 2:20514–28.
7. Toapanta SM, Lamar JA, Rojas JG, Gallegos LE. An approach to the efficient security algorithms used in voting scanning in an electoral process. In 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI) 2019 Nov 28 (pp. 587–592). IEEE.
8. Hajian Berenjestanaki M, Barzegar HR, El Ioini N, Pahl C. Blockchain-based e-voting systems: A technology review. Electronics. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):17.
9. Farmanullah AH, Khan I, Ali S, Sharif S. Electronic voting system and public trust: An assessment of the voters’ perception in district peshawar. J Posit Sch Psychol. . 2023 Feb 13:594–605.
10. Kasongo EN. Texas election security: How prepared are county officials to defend against cyber threats to electoral infrastructure? (Doctoral dissertation).
11. Komalavalli C, Saxena D, Laroiya C. Overview of blockchain technology concepts. In Handbook of research on blockchain technology 2020 Jan 1 (pp. 349–371). Academic Press.
12. Hjálmarsson FÞ, Hreiðarsson GK, Hamdaqa M, Hjálmtýsson G. Blockchain-based e-voting system. In2018 IEEE 11th international conference on cloud computing (CLOUD) 2018 Jul 2 (pp. 983–986). IEEE.
13. Sadia K, Masuduzzaman M, Paul RK, Islam A. Blockchain-based secure e-voting with the assistance of smart contract. In IC-BCT 2019: Proceedings of the International Conference on Blockchain Technology 2020 (pp. 161–176). Springer Singapore.
14. Khan S, Arshad A, Mushtaq G, Khalique A, Husein T. Implementation of decentralized blockchain e-voting. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities. 2020 Jun 3;4(10).
15. Choi S, Kang J, Chung KS. Design of blockchain based e-voting system for vote requirements. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021 Jun 1 (Vol. 1944, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing. Appendix.

One of the biggest challenges facing contemporary democracies is guaranteeing the safety and openness of electoral procedures. Issues like voter fraud, tampering, and lack of transparency are common in traditional voting systems, whether they are electronic or paper-based, and they can erode public confidence. Blockchain technology, which provides a decentralized, transparent, and unchangeable electronic voting mechanism, has emerged as a viable remedy for these issues. This paper explores the implementation of “Blockchain Technology” in e-voting systems, evaluating its potential for increasing transparency and security while addressing the challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of “Blockchain Technology” in the e-voting system. Through addressing the aims and objectives of this comparative analysis, this paper gathered the primary data by conducting a survey, with 61 survey participants. The collected information about the security and transparency of the systems through primary data collection was analyzed through quantitative analysis. The data analysis and findings of this study showed that blockchain technology effectively improves the transparent and security of e-voting system. The conclusion of this study indicates that blockchain technology provides a reliable and promising alternative for the electoral process.

Keywords:Blockchain technology, E-Voting, voter rights, electronic voting, democracy

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Jafar U, Aziz MJ, Shukur Z. Blockchain for electronic voting system—review and open research challenges. Sensors. 2021 Aug 31;21(17):5874.
2. Huang J, He D, Obaidat MS, Vijayakumar P, Luo M, Choo KK. The application of blockchain technology in voting systems: A review. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR). 2021 Apr 17;54(3):1–28.
3. Appel AW, DeMillo RA, Stark PB. Ballot-marking devices cannot ensure the will of the voters. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy. 2020 Sep 1;19(3):432–50.
4. Nemes M, Schwerdt R, Achenbach D, Löwe B, Müller-Quade J. And Paper-Based is Better? Towards Comparability of Classic and Cryptographic Voting Schemes. Cryptology ePrint Archive. 2021.
5. Rosacker KM, Rosacker RE. Voting is a right: A decade of societal, technological and experiential progress towards the goal of remote-access voting. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. 2020 Dec 12;14(5):701–12.
6. Yadav KM, Sharma M, Chaudhary S. Online Voting System. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021 Aug 2:20514–28.
7. Toapanta SM, Lamar JA, Rojas JG, Gallegos LE. An approach to the efficient security algorithms used in voting scanning in an electoral process. In 2019 2nd International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI) 2019 Nov 28 (pp. 587–592). IEEE.
8. Hajian Berenjestanaki M, Barzegar HR, El Ioini N, Pahl C. Blockchain-based e-voting systems: A technology review. Electronics. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):17.
9. Farmanullah AH, Khan I, Ali S, Sharif S. Electronic voting system and public trust: An assessment of the voters’ perception in district peshawar. J Posit Sch Psychol. . 2023 Feb 13:594–605.
10. Kasongo EN. Texas election security: How prepared are county officials to defend against cyber threats to electoral infrastructure? (Doctoral dissertation).
11. Komalavalli C, Saxena D, Laroiya C. Overview of blockchain technology concepts. In Handbook of research on blockchain technology 2020 Jan 1 (pp. 349–371). Academic Press.
12. Hjálmarsson FÞ, Hreiðarsson GK, Hamdaqa M, Hjálmtýsson G. Blockchain-based e-voting system. In2018 IEEE 11th international conference on cloud computing (CLOUD) 2018 Jul 2 (pp. 983–986). IEEE.
13. Sadia K, Masuduzzaman M, Paul RK, Islam A. Blockchain-based secure e-voting with the assistance of smart contract. In IC-BCT 2019: Proceedings of the International Conference on Blockchain Technology 2020 (pp. 161–176). Springer Singapore.
14. Khan S, Arshad A, Mushtaq G, Khalique A, Husein T. Implementation of decentralized blockchain e-voting. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities. 2020 Jun 3;4(10).
15. Choi S, Kang J, Chung KS. Design of blockchain based e-voting system for vote requirements. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021 Jun 1 (Vol. 1944, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing. Appendix.