International Journal of Green Chemistry
Sequential Extraction of Pectin and Cellulose from Orange Peel Waste: A Sustainable Waste-to-Valorization Approach
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
2. Student, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. Technical Superintendent, Department of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Agricultural waste is a huge and underutilized resource of useful biomaterials that are best for sustainable use. The goal of the present study was to develop an integrated waste valorization approach, in which orange peel waste is valorized in the form of cellulose and pectin and their potential is assessed in combination with green synthesis of nanoparticles. Orange peel powder was treated with acid-assisted extraction to obtain pectin, and the remaining biomass was treated with alkaline and bleaching processes to isolate cellulose. The pomegranate peel extract was used for the synthesis of iron NPs using a natural reducing and stabilizing agent as an alternative to the conventional methods that use hazardous chemicals. To aid characterization of the structural and functional properties, extracted biopolymers and synthesized NPs. Orange peel waste was found to be a potential renewable source for the recovery of biopolymers in the form of pectin (2.22%) and cellulose (5.35%). FTIR analysis confirmed the characteristic functional groups of pectin and cellulose and UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of iron nanoparticles. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the created material were determined using the created materials was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The cellulose–iron nanoparticles blending showed a zone of inhibition of 9 mm while the pectin iron nanoparticles film had a zone of inhibition of 7 mm, which proved their antimicrobial property. The results confirm that agricultural waste can be effectively converted to value added biopolymers and functional materials by the sustainable processing pathways. This research shows the potential use of orange peel-based biomaterials in food packaging, biomedicals products, pharmaceutical formulation and development of environmentally friendly materials.
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