Residual lignin from wheat straw (RELIWS) is burned, that causes environmental pollution; as well as global warming by releasing greenhouse gases, an ecological alternative is its microbial by double fermentation by monosporic common fungi and native actinomycete that are able to transform it to phytohormones. The objectives of this work were: i) depolymerization of RELIWS by Penicillium chrysogenum, b) conversion of aromatics of RELIWS into phytohormones by Streptomyces griseus and effect of transformed REWSLI into phytohormones of S. griseus on the primordium growth of Phaseolus vuglaris (bean). In that se, the RELIWS was extracted and depolymerized by P. chrysogenum, the depolymerized RELIWS broth was inoculated with S. griseus, the conversion into phytohormone on the growth of P. vuglaris was analyzed using the response variables: days to emergence, in the stem and root primordium phenology: height and length of root in biomass: aerial fresh/dry weight (AFW/RFW), fresh/dry weight (ADW/RDW). The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey HDS in Statgraphics Centurion. According to the results, S. griseus transformed aromatics from the depolymerization of RELIWS by P. chrysogenum into a phytohormone that caused a positive effect on the phenology and biomass of P. vulgaris primordia, compared to the response of fed P. vulgaris. with a 100% mineral solution and pure gibberellin. It was demonstrated that through double fermentation it is possible to convert RELIWS from P. chrysogenum into a base to transform it from S. griseus into a phytohormone similar to gibberellin. Ongoing research will define what type of phytohormone it is. Although this double fermentation proves the potential of both microorganisms to give added value to RELIWS, a natural resource considered agricultural waste that causes environmental problems, when burned it increases greenhouse gases. It is concluded that microbial potential is an environmental aid tool to prevent global warming.

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1. Baltierra-Trejo E, Silva-Espino E, Márquez-Benavides L, Sánchez-Yáñez JM. Wheat straw lignin degradation induction to aromatics by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium chrysogenum. J Selva Andina Res Soc. 2016;7(1):10–19.

2. Savy D, Canellas L, Vinci G, Cozzolino V, Piccolo A. Humic-like water-soluble lignins from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) display hormone-like activity on plant growth. J Plant Growth Regul. 2017;36:995–1001. doi:10.1007/s00344-017-9696-4

3. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Nebbioso A, Drosos M, Nuzzo A, Mazzei P, Piccolo A. Humic-like bioactivity on emergence and early growth of maize (Zea mays L.) of water-soluble lignins isolated from biomass for energy. Plant Soil. 2016;402:221–233. doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2780-2

4. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Vinci G, Nebbioso A, Piccolo A. Water-soluble lignins from different bioenergy crops stimulate the early development of maize (Zea mays L.). Molecules. 2015;20:19958–19970. doi:10.3390/molecules201119671

5. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Nebbioso A, Drosos M, Piccolo A. Bioactivity of water-soluble lignins from biomass for energy on emergence and early growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil. 2015;20(11):19950–19970.

6. Duque-Acevedo M, Belmonte-Ureña LJ, Cortés-García FJ, Camacho-Ferre F. Agricultural waste: Review of the evolution, approaches and perspectives on alternative uses. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2022;22:e00902. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00902

7. Xu L, Geelen D. Developing biostimulants from agro-food and industrial by-products. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9:1567. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01567

8. Abou-Chehade L, Al Chami Z, De Pascali SA, Cavoski I, Fanizzi FP. Biostimulants from food processing by-products: Agronomic, quality and metabolic impacts on organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Sci Food Agric. 2018;98:1426–1436. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8610

9. Sánchez-Gómez R, Alonso GL, Salinas MR, Zalacain A. Reuse of vine-shoots wastes for agricultural purposes. In: Handbook of Grape Processing By-Products. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. p. 79–104. ISBN 978-0-12-809870-7.

10. Chang A, Fan J, Wen X. Screening of fungi capable of highly selective degradation of lignin in rice straw. Int Biodeter Biodegrad. 2012;7:26–33.

11. Parenti A, Muguerza E, Iroz AR, Omarini A, Conde E, Alfaro M, Castanera R, Santoyo F, Ramírez L, Pisabarro AG. Induction of laccase activity in the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus using water polluted with wheat straw extracts. Bioresour Technol. 2013;133:142–149. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.072

12. Canellas LP, Olivares FL. Physiological responses to humic substances as plant growth promoter. Chem Biol Technol Agric. 2014;1:1–11.

13. Basu A, Prasad P, Das SN, Kalam S, Sayyed RZ, Reddy MS, et al. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as green bioinoculants: Recent developments, constraints, and prospects. Sustainability. 2021;13:1140. doi:10.3390/su13031140

14. Cochard B, Giroud B, Crovadore J, Chablais R, Arminjon L, Lefort F. Endophytic PGPR from tomato roots: Isolation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of treated tomatoes. Microorganisms. 2022;10:765. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10040765

15. Ertani A, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Tinti A, Nardi S. Biological activity of vegetal extracts containing phenols on plant metabolism. Molecules. 2016;21:205. doi:10.3390/molecules21020205

16. Sánchez-Yáñez JM, Márquez-Benavidez L. Despolimerización de lignina residual de paja de trigo con hongos mitospóricos y su conversión en fitohormonas por Azotobacter sp. Informe de investigación. Secretaría de Economía, CONACYT, Gobierno de México; 2014.

17. Arora DS, Chander M, Gill PK. Involvement of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and selective ligninolysis of wheat straw. Int Biodeter Biodegrad. 2002;50:115–120.

18. Walpole ER, Myers SL. Probabilidad y estadística para ingeniería y ciencias. 8th ed. México: Pearson; 2007. p. 509.

Residual lignin from wheat straw (RELIWS) is burned, that causes environmental pollution; as well as global warming by releasing greenhouse gases, an ecological alternative is its microbial by double fermentation by monosporic common fungi and native actinomycete that are able to transform it to phytohormones. The objectives of this work were: i) depolymerization of RELIWS by Penicillium chrysogenum, b) conversion of aromatics of RELIWS into phytohormones by Streptomyces griseus and effect of transformed REWSLI into phytohormones of S. griseus on the primordium growth of Phaseolus vuglaris (bean). In that se, the RELIWS was extracted and depolymerized by P. chrysogenum, the depolymerized RELIWS broth was inoculated with S. griseus, the conversion into phytohormone on the growth of P. vuglaris was analyzed using the response variables: days to emergence, in the stem and root primordium phenology: height and length of root in biomass: aerial fresh/dry weight (AFW/RFW), fresh/dry weight (ADW/RDW). The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey HDS in Statgraphics Centurion. According to the results, S. griseus transformed aromatics from the depolymerization of RELIWS by P. chrysogenum into a phytohormone that caused a positive effect on the phenology and biomass of P. vulgaris primordia, compared to the response of fed P. vulgaris. with a 100% mineral solution and pure gibberellin. It was demonstrated that through double fermentation it is possible to convert RELIWS from P. chrysogenum into a base to transform it from S. griseus into a phytohormone similar to gibberellin. Ongoing research will define what type of phytohormone it is. Although this double fermentation proves the potential of both microorganisms to give added value to RELIWS, a natural resource considered agricultural waste that causes environmental problems, when burned it increases greenhouse gases. It is concluded that microbial potential is an environmental aid tool to prevent global warming.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Baltierra-Trejo E, Silva-Espino E, Márquez-Benavides L, Sánchez-Yáñez JM. Wheat straw lignin degradation induction to aromatics by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium chrysogenum. J Selva Andina Res Soc. 2016;7(1):10–19.

2. Savy D, Canellas L, Vinci G, Cozzolino V, Piccolo A. Humic-like water-soluble lignins from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) display hormone-like activity on plant growth. J Plant Growth Regul. 2017;36:995–1001. doi:10.1007/s00344-017-9696-4

3. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Nebbioso A, Drosos M, Nuzzo A, Mazzei P, Piccolo A. Humic-like bioactivity on emergence and early growth of maize (Zea mays L.) of water-soluble lignins isolated from biomass for energy. Plant Soil. 2016;402:221–233. doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2780-2

4. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Vinci G, Nebbioso A, Piccolo A. Water-soluble lignins from different bioenergy crops stimulate the early development of maize (Zea mays L.). Molecules. 2015;20:19958–19970. doi:10.3390/molecules201119671

5. Savy D, Cozzolino V, Nebbioso A, Drosos M, Piccolo A. Bioactivity of water-soluble lignins from biomass for energy on emergence and early growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil. 2015;20(11):19950–19970.

6. Duque-Acevedo M, Belmonte-Ureña LJ, Cortés-García FJ, Camacho-Ferre F. Agricultural waste: Review of the evolution, approaches and perspectives on alternative uses. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2022;22:e00902. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00902

7. Xu L, Geelen D. Developing biostimulants from agro-food and industrial by-products. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9:1567. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01567

8. Abou-Chehade L, Al Chami Z, De Pascali SA, Cavoski I, Fanizzi FP. Biostimulants from food processing by-products: Agronomic, quality and metabolic impacts on organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Sci Food Agric. 2018;98:1426–1436. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8610

9. Sánchez-Gómez R, Alonso GL, Salinas MR, Zalacain A. Reuse of vine-shoots wastes for agricultural purposes. In: Handbook of Grape Processing By-Products. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. p. 79–104. ISBN 978-0-12-809870-7.

10. Chang A, Fan J, Wen X. Screening of fungi capable of highly selective degradation of lignin in rice straw. Int Biodeter Biodegrad. 2012;7:26–33.

11. Parenti A, Muguerza E, Iroz AR, Omarini A, Conde E, Alfaro M, Castanera R, Santoyo F, Ramírez L, Pisabarro AG. Induction of laccase activity in the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus using water polluted with wheat straw extracts. Bioresour Technol. 2013;133:142–149. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.072

12. Canellas LP, Olivares FL. Physiological responses to humic substances as plant growth promoter. Chem Biol Technol Agric. 2014;1:1–11.

13. Basu A, Prasad P, Das SN, Kalam S, Sayyed RZ, Reddy MS, et al. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as green bioinoculants: Recent developments, constraints, and prospects. Sustainability. 2021;13:1140. doi:10.3390/su13031140

14. Cochard B, Giroud B, Crovadore J, Chablais R, Arminjon L, Lefort F. Endophytic PGPR from tomato roots: Isolation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of treated tomatoes. Microorganisms. 2022;10:765. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10040765

15. Ertani A, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Tinti A, Nardi S. Biological activity of vegetal extracts containing phenols on plant metabolism. Molecules. 2016;21:205. doi:10.3390/molecules21020205

16. Sánchez-Yáñez JM, Márquez-Benavidez L. Despolimerización de lignina residual de paja de trigo con hongos mitospóricos y su conversión en fitohormonas por Azotobacter sp. Informe de investigación. Secretaría de Economía, CONACYT, Gobierno de México; 2014.

17. Arora DS, Chander M, Gill PK. Involvement of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and selective ligninolysis of wheat straw. Int Biodeter Biodegrad. 2002;50:115–120.

18. Walpole ER, Myers SL. Probabilidad y estadística para ingeniería y ciencias. 8th ed. México: Pearson; 2007. p. 509.