Corrosion is major problem with metals. When they come in contact of surrounding corrosive medium to construct a corrosion cell on their interface, metals undergo in corrosion reactions. Such environments metals can be exhibited uniform, galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion etc. The corrosion of phenomenon of rebar steel studied in saline water. It creates corrosive medium for rebar steel due to availability of chloride ions. Rebar steel is used for the construction of bridge, road, air port and building. These components interact with saline medium producing corrosion reactions. Saline water chloride ions attack on rebar steel to form corrosion cell and corrode metals. Rebar steel is covered with concrete and that structure is dipped into saline water by the process of osmosis chloride ions are entered inside the structure creates dissolving and swelling chemical corrosion with nonmetallic components and electrochemical corrosion with metal. For this work synthesized electron rich organic compounds 2-(propan-2-ylidene)propane-1,3-diamine.  The corrosion rate of rebar steel was calculated before and after coating by gravimetric method at different temperatures in presence different concentrations of saline water. Potentiostat technique used for the measurement of corrosion potential, corrosion current and corrosion current density in various concentrations of saline water and coating compound. The surface coverage area and coating efficiency were determined by corrosion rate uncoated and coated rebar steel. The coating compound adhered on the surface of base metal by chemisorptions and it confirmed by thermodynamical parameters like activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy. The surface adsorption phenomenon completed by Langmuir, Frendlich and Temkin isotherms. The results of thermodynamical parameters and surface adsorption confirmed that coating compound formed stable passive barrier which increased physical, chemical and mechanical properties of rebar steel saline environment.

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1. Condit CW. The reinforced-concrete skyscrapers: The Ingalls Building in Cincinnati and its place in structural history. Technology and Culture. 1968.
2. Steiger RW. History of concrete. The Aberdeen Group. 1995.
3. Morgan W. Reinforced concrete. In: Claydon JF, editor. The Elements of Structure. 1995.
4. Department of Civil Engineering. History of concrete building construction. University of Memphis; 2015.
5. Collins P. Concrete: The vision of a new architecture. McGill-Queen’s University Press; 1981. p. 58–60.
6. Morsch E. Concrete-steel construction (Der Eisenleltobaw). The Engineering News Publishing Company; 1909. p. 204–205.
7. Kim S, Surek J, Baker-Jarvis J. Electromagnetic metrology on concrete and corrosion. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2011;116:655–69.
8. Nilson, Darwin, Dolan. Design of concrete structures. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2003. p. 80–99.
9. Effect of zinc phosphate chemical conversion coating on corrosion behavior of mild steel in alkaline medium: Protection of rebars in reinforced concrete. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2008;9:4–9.
10. Birks JW, Calvert JG, Sievers RE. The chemistry of the atmosphere: Its impact on global change—perspectives and recommendations. 1993. p. 170.
11. Brasseur GP, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS. Atmospheric chemistry and global change. Oxford University Press; 1999. p. 654.
12. Davidson O, Metz B. Proceedings of workshop on carbon dioxide capture and storage. ECN; 2002. p. 106.
13. Feely RA, Sabine CL, Hernandez-Ayon JM, Ianson D, Hales B. Evidence for upwelling of corrosive “acidified” water onto the continental shelf. Science. 2008;320(5882):1490–2. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676)
14. Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Pitts JN. Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere. Academic Press; 2000. p. 969.
15. Houghton JT, Ding Y, Johnson CA, editors. Climate change 2001. Cambridge University Press; 2001. p. 881.
16. Lamaka SV, Zheludkevich ML, Yasakau KA, Serra R, Poznyak SK, Ferreira MGS. Nanoporous titania interlayer as reservoir of corrosion inhibitors for coatings with self-healing ability. Prog Org Coat. 2007;58(2–3):127–35. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.029](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.029)
17. Manahan SE. Fundamentals of environmental chemistry. John Wiley & Sons; 2000. p. 268.
18. Maruthamuthu S, Muthukumar N. Role of air microbes on atmospheric corrosion. Curr Sci. 2008;94:359–63.
19. Melchers RE, Li CQ. Phenomenological modeling of reinforcement corrosion in marine environments. A C Mater J. 2006;103:25–32.
20. Natesan M, Venkatachari G, Palaniswamy N. Kinetics of atmospheric corrosion of mild steel, zinc, galvanized iron and aluminium at 10 exposure stations in India. Corros Sci. 2006;48(11):3584–608. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.006)
21. Ohtsu M, Tomoda Y. Acoustic emission techniques for rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete. Adv Constr Mater. 2007;7:615–22.
22. Prakash D, Singh RK. Protection of mild steel by thiourea derivative as inhibitors in 20% HCl. Bull Electrochem. 2006;22:257–61.
23. Prakash D, Singh RK. Protection of stainless steel in 20% HCl by use of organic inhibitors. Indian Chem Soc. 2006;83:1256–9.
24. Prakash D, Singh RK. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 20% HCl by some organic compounds. Indian J Chem Technol. 2006;13:555–60.
25. Quinet M, Neveu B, Moutarlier V, Audebert P, Ricq L. Corrosion protection of sol–gel coatings doped with an organic corrosion inhibitor: Chloranil. Prog Org Coat. 2007;58(1):46–53. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.11.007](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.11.007)
26. Shi HW. Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy with sol-gel coating containing 2-methyl piperidine. Prog Org Coat. 2009;66:183–91.
27. Singh RK. Comparative study of mild steel and stainless steel inhibition in 20% HCl solution by some organic inhibitors. Bull Electrochem. 2007;23:113–7.
28. Singh RK. Comparative study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel and stainless steel by use of thiourea derivatives in 20% HCl solution. J Metall Mater Sci. 2009;51:225–32.
29. Singh RK. Corrosion protection of stainless steel in oil well recovery. Mater Sci Res India. 2009;6:459–66.
30. Singh RK. The corrosion protection of stainless steel in phosphate industry. J Metall Mater Sci. 2010;52:173–80.
31. Singh RK. The corrosion protection of materials by nanotechnology. Mater Sci Res India. 2011;8:353–5.
32. Singh RK. Corrosion control techniques for existing and new marine infrastructure. Masterbuilder. 2015;17:56–8.
33. Singh RK. Building materials corrosion by fiber reinforced polymers. Powder Metall Min. 2015;1:1–5.
34. Singh RK, Kumar R. Study corrosion and corrosion protection of stainless steel in phosphate fertilizer industry. Am J Min Metall. 2014;2:27–31.
35. Singh RK, Prakash D. Inhibition of stainless steel by use of thiourea derivative as inhibitors in 20% HCl. J Indian Chem Soc. 2008;85:643–6.
36. Singh RK, Thakur MK, Latif S. Corrosion protection of building materials in marine environment by nanocoating and filler techniques. Masterbuilder. 2018;20:68–76.
37. US EPA. Greenhouse gases and global warming potential values. Inventory of US Greenhouse Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2000. 2002. p. 16.
38. Vishwanadh B, Balasubramaniam R, Srivastava D, Dey GK. Effect of surface morphology on atmospheric corrosion behaviour of Fe-based metallic glass Fe67Co18Si14. Bull Mater Sci. 2008;31(4):693–8. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-008-0110-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-008-0110-5)
39. Wu KH, Chao CM, Yeh TF, Chang TC. Thermal stability and corrosion resistance of polysiloxane coatings on 2024-T3 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2007;201(12):5782–8. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.024](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.024)
40. Guo XH. Effect of sol composition on corrosion protection of SNAP film coated on magnesium alloy. Chin J Inorg Chem. 2009;25(7):1254–61.
41. Singh RK, Bihari B, Alam N. Study of corrosion ferrous and non-ferrous in aqueous medium. Int J Metall Alloy. 2025;11(1):44–50. [https://doi.org/10.37628/IJMA](https://doi.org/10.37628/IJMA)
42. Singh RK, Ayush M, Singh JP. Corrosion and corrosion protection of cast iron due to bio-organism. J Mod Chem Chem Technol. 2025;16(2):105–14. [https://doi.org/10.37591/JoMCCT](https://doi.org/10.37591/JoMCCT)

Corrosion is major problem with metals. When they come in contact of surrounding corrosive medium to construct a corrosion cell on their interface, metals undergo in corrosion reactions. Such environments metals can be exhibited uniform, galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion etc. The corrosion of phenomenon of rebar steel studied in saline water. It creates corrosive medium for rebar steel due to availability of chloride ions. Rebar steel is used for the construction of bridge, road, air port and building. These components interact with saline medium producing corrosion reactions. Saline water chloride ions attack on rebar steel to form corrosion cell and corrode metals. Rebar steel is covered with concrete and that structure is dipped into saline water by the process of osmosis chloride ions are entered inside the structure creates dissolving and swelling chemical corrosion with nonmetallic components and electrochemical corrosion with metal. For this work synthesized electron rich organic compounds 2-(propan-2-ylidene)propane-1,3-diamine.  The corrosion rate of rebar steel was calculated before and after coating by gravimetric method at different temperatures in presence different concentrations of saline water. Potentiostat technique used for the measurement of corrosion potential, corrosion current and corrosion current density in various concentrations of saline water and coating compound. The surface coverage area and coating efficiency were determined by corrosion rate uncoated and coated rebar steel. The coating compound adhered on the surface of base metal by chemisorptions and it confirmed by thermodynamical parameters like activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy. The surface adsorption phenomenon completed by Langmuir, Frendlich and Temkin isotherms. The results of thermodynamical parameters and surface adsorption confirmed that coating compound formed stable passive barrier which increased physical, chemical and mechanical properties of rebar steel saline environment.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Condit CW. The reinforced-concrete skyscrapers: The Ingalls Building in Cincinnati and its place in structural history. Technology and Culture. 1968.
2. Steiger RW. History of concrete. The Aberdeen Group. 1995.
3. Morgan W. Reinforced concrete. In: Claydon JF, editor. The Elements of Structure. 1995.
4. Department of Civil Engineering. History of concrete building construction. University of Memphis; 2015.
5. Collins P. Concrete: The vision of a new architecture. McGill-Queen’s University Press; 1981. p. 58–60.
6. Morsch E. Concrete-steel construction (Der Eisenleltobaw). The Engineering News Publishing Company; 1909. p. 204–205.
7. Kim S, Surek J, Baker-Jarvis J. Electromagnetic metrology on concrete and corrosion. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2011;116:655–69.
8. Nilson, Darwin, Dolan. Design of concrete structures. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2003. p. 80–99.
9. Effect of zinc phosphate chemical conversion coating on corrosion behavior of mild steel in alkaline medium: Protection of rebars in reinforced concrete. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2008;9:4–9.
10. Birks JW, Calvert JG, Sievers RE. The chemistry of the atmosphere: Its impact on global change—perspectives and recommendations. 1993. p. 170.
11. Brasseur GP, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS. Atmospheric chemistry and global change. Oxford University Press; 1999. p. 654.
12. Davidson O, Metz B. Proceedings of workshop on carbon dioxide capture and storage. ECN; 2002. p. 106.
13. Feely RA, Sabine CL, Hernandez-Ayon JM, Ianson D, Hales B. Evidence for upwelling of corrosive “acidified” water onto the continental shelf. Science. 2008;320(5882):1490–2. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676)
14. Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Pitts JN. Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere. Academic Press; 2000. p. 969.
15. Houghton JT, Ding Y, Johnson CA, editors. Climate change 2001. Cambridge University Press; 2001. p. 881.
16. Lamaka SV, Zheludkevich ML, Yasakau KA, Serra R, Poznyak SK, Ferreira MGS. Nanoporous titania interlayer as reservoir of corrosion inhibitors for coatings with self-healing ability. Prog Org Coat. 2007;58(2–3):127–35. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.029](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.029)
17. Manahan SE. Fundamentals of environmental chemistry. John Wiley & Sons; 2000. p. 268.
18. Maruthamuthu S, Muthukumar N. Role of air microbes on atmospheric corrosion. Curr Sci. 2008;94:359–63.
19. Melchers RE, Li CQ. Phenomenological modeling of reinforcement corrosion in marine environments. A C Mater J. 2006;103:25–32.
20. Natesan M, Venkatachari G, Palaniswamy N. Kinetics of atmospheric corrosion of mild steel, zinc, galvanized iron and aluminium at 10 exposure stations in India. Corros Sci. 2006;48(11):3584–608. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.006)
21. Ohtsu M, Tomoda Y. Acoustic emission techniques for rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete. Adv Constr Mater. 2007;7:615–22.
22. Prakash D, Singh RK. Protection of mild steel by thiourea derivative as inhibitors in 20% HCl. Bull Electrochem. 2006;22:257–61.
23. Prakash D, Singh RK. Protection of stainless steel in 20% HCl by use of organic inhibitors. Indian Chem Soc. 2006;83:1256–9.
24. Prakash D, Singh RK. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 20% HCl by some organic compounds. Indian J Chem Technol. 2006;13:555–60.
25. Quinet M, Neveu B, Moutarlier V, Audebert P, Ricq L. Corrosion protection of sol–gel coatings doped with an organic corrosion inhibitor: Chloranil. Prog Org Coat. 2007;58(1):46–53. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.11.007](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.11.007)
26. Shi HW. Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy with sol-gel coating containing 2-methyl piperidine. Prog Org Coat. 2009;66:183–91.
27. Singh RK. Comparative study of mild steel and stainless steel inhibition in 20% HCl solution by some organic inhibitors. Bull Electrochem. 2007;23:113–7.
28. Singh RK. Comparative study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel and stainless steel by use of thiourea derivatives in 20% HCl solution. J Metall Mater Sci. 2009;51:225–32.
29. Singh RK. Corrosion protection of stainless steel in oil well recovery. Mater Sci Res India. 2009;6:459–66.
30. Singh RK. The corrosion protection of stainless steel in phosphate industry. J Metall Mater Sci. 2010;52:173–80.
31. Singh RK. The corrosion protection of materials by nanotechnology. Mater Sci Res India. 2011;8:353–5.
32. Singh RK. Corrosion control techniques for existing and new marine infrastructure. Masterbuilder. 2015;17:56–8.
33. Singh RK. Building materials corrosion by fiber reinforced polymers. Powder Metall Min. 2015;1:1–5.
34. Singh RK, Kumar R. Study corrosion and corrosion protection of stainless steel in phosphate fertilizer industry. Am J Min Metall. 2014;2:27–31.
35. Singh RK, Prakash D. Inhibition of stainless steel by use of thiourea derivative as inhibitors in 20% HCl. J Indian Chem Soc. 2008;85:643–6.
36. Singh RK, Thakur MK, Latif S. Corrosion protection of building materials in marine environment by nanocoating and filler techniques. Masterbuilder. 2018;20:68–76.
37. US EPA. Greenhouse gases and global warming potential values. Inventory of US Greenhouse Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2000. 2002. p. 16.
38. Vishwanadh B, Balasubramaniam R, Srivastava D, Dey GK. Effect of surface morphology on atmospheric corrosion behaviour of Fe-based metallic glass Fe67Co18Si14. Bull Mater Sci. 2008;31(4):693–8. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-008-0110-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-008-0110-5)
39. Wu KH, Chao CM, Yeh TF, Chang TC. Thermal stability and corrosion resistance of polysiloxane coatings on 2024-T3 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2007;201(12):5782–8. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.024](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.024)
40. Guo XH. Effect of sol composition on corrosion protection of SNAP film coated on magnesium alloy. Chin J Inorg Chem. 2009;25(7):1254–61.
41. Singh RK, Bihari B, Alam N. Study of corrosion ferrous and non-ferrous in aqueous medium. Int J Metall Alloy. 2025;11(1):44–50. [https://doi.org/10.37628/IJMA](https://doi.org/10.37628/IJMA)
42. Singh RK, Ayush M, Singh JP. Corrosion and corrosion protection of cast iron due to bio-organism. J Mod Chem Chem Technol. 2025;16(2):105–14. [https://doi.org/10.37591/JoMCCT](https://doi.org/10.37591/JoMCCT)