For the past ten years, the manufacture of wind power has been the primary focus of power creation. A vast amount of research has been done on renewable energy, with a special emphasis on wind power extraction. When non-renewable fossil fuel supply is declining, wind power offers an environmentally conscious means of generating electricity and assists in meeting the country's requirement for energy. This chapter presents a brief review of characteristics of wind and main components of modern WECS. Wind distribution function to determine the wind speed and hence predict certain quantities of WECS e.g. generated power, is described and wind power controlling methods are also presented. Description of most popular configurations of modern WECS.

Keywords:Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Wind Generator, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

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1. 20% Wind Energy by 2030. (July, 2008). Retrieved from http://www.osti.gov/bridge switching
2. Wind Energy
3. T. Ackermann, "Wind Power in Power Systems", First edition, 2005, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.
4.  Gary L. Johnson, “Wind Energy Systems”, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood. Cliff, NJ, 1985
5. Z. Chen and F. Blaabjerg, “Wind energy: The world’s fastest growing energy source”, IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 15–19, 2006.
6. J. Andrews and N. Jelley, Energy Science - principles, technologies and impacts, Oxford University Press, 116-117 High St, Oxford, U.K., 2007.
7. R. Zavadil, N. Miller, A. Ellis, E. Muljadi, E. Camm, and B. Kirby, “Queuing up”, Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 47 – 58, Nov.-Dec. 2007.
8. S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, J. Wiley & Sons, 111, River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, US, 1998
9. E. Muljadi, C. P. Butterfield, J. Chacon, and H. Romanowitz, “Power quality aspects in a wind power plant”, in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006, Montreal, Canada, 18-22 June 2006.
10. Wachtel S., J. Marques, E. Quitman, and M. Schellschmidt, “Wind energy converters with FACTS capabilities and the benefits for the integration of wind power plants into power systems,” in Proc. European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition (EWEC), Milan, 4, May 7-10 2007, pp. 1761–65.
11. F. Blaabjerg and Z. Chen, Power Electronics for Modern Wind Turbines, Synthesis Lectures on Power Electronics. Morgan & Claypool, U.S., 2006
12. Wind in numbers. Retrieved from http://gwec.net/global-figures/wind-innumbers.
13. Branko M. Radičević, Milan S. Savić, Soren Find Madsen, and IonBadea, “Impact of wind turbine blade rotation on the lightning strike incidence – A theoretical and experimental study using a reduced-size model” Energy, Volume 45, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 644-654.
14. B. Parson, M. Milligan, B. Zavadil, D. Brooks, B. Kirby, K. Dragoon, and J. Caldwell, “Grid impacts of wind power: A summary of recent studies in the United States”, Wind Energy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 87–108, Apr./Jun. 2004.
15. R. A. Walling, R. Saint, R. C. Dugan, J. Burke, and L. A. Kojovic “Summary of distributed resources impact on power delivery systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Del., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1636 – 44, July 2008
16. J. C. Smith, M. R. Milligan, E. A. DeMeo, and B. Parsons, “Utility wind integration and operating impact state of the art”, IEEE Transactions on Power System, vol. 22, no. 3, pp.900–908, Aug. 2007..
17. C. Kalich J. King M. R. Milligan C. Murlay B. Oakleaf E. A. DeMeo, G. A. Jordan and M. J. Schuerger, “Accomodating wind’s natural behavior”, Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 59–67, Nov.-Dec. 2007.
18. “Integration of Renewable Energy in the Electrical Network in 2010”, draft final report, EU ALTENER PROJECT XVII/4.1030/Z/99-115, Brussels- Belgium, 2001.
19. J. M. Carrasco et al, “Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002-1016,2016.
20. J.J. Gutierrez, J. Ruiz, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, L.A. Leturiondo and A. Lazkano (2011), “Power quality in Grid-Connected wind turbines”, Dr. Ibrahim Al- Bahadly (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/15175.
21. Francisco C.De La Rosa “Harmonics and Power Systems” CRC press, First Indian Print.
22. IEEE Working Group on Power System Harmonics “Power System Harmonics: An Overview” IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol.3, No.8, pp. 27-28, Aug-1983
23. T.C.Shuter, H.T.Vollkommer and Jr.T.L.Kirkpatrick “Survey of Harmonic Levels on the American Electric Power Distribution System” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.2204-2213, Oct-1989.
24. Christopher K. Duffey and Ray. P. Stratford “Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-519: IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems” IEEE Trans on Industrial Applications, Vol.25, No.6, pp.1025-1034, Nov/Dec-1989.
25. Joseph S. Subjak., JR and John S. Mcquilkin “Harmonics - Causes, Effects, Measurements, and Analysis: An Update” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol.26, No.6, pp.1034-1042, Nov/Dec-1990.
26. Alexander E. Emanuel, John A. Orr, David Cyganski and Edward M. Gulachenski, “A Survey of Harmonic Voltages and Currents at the Customer’s Bus” ” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.411-421, Jan- 1993.
27. IEEE Working group on Non-sinusoidal Situations “Practical Definitions for Powers in Systems with Non sinusoidal Waveforms and Unbalanced Loads: A Discussion” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.79-87, Jan-1996.
28. Eric J. Davis, Alexander E. Emanuel and David J. Pileggi “Harmonic Pollution Metering: Theoretical Considerations” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.19-23, Jan-2000.
29. F.Z.Peng, H.Akagi and A.Nabae “A Novel Harmonic Power Filter” PESC, pp.1151-1158, April-1988.
30. Burton T, Sharpe D, Jenkins N and Bossanyi E, Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2001
31. Ton van de Wekken, and Fred Wien, “wind power”, Power Quality and Utilisation Guide Section 8 – Distributed Generation, Issue Autumn 2006.
32. R.C. Bansal, T.S. Bhatti, D.P. Kothari “On some of the design aspects of wind energy conversion systems”, Energy Conversion and Management, volume 43, Issue 16, pp. 2175-2187.
33. D. M. Eggleston, F. S. Stoddard, Wind Turbine Engineering Design, New York,NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987.
34. D. A. Spera (editor), Wind Turbine Technology. New York, NY: ASME Press, 1994.
35. S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

For the past ten years, the manufacture of wind power has been the primary focus of power creation. A vast amount of research has been done on renewable energy, with a special emphasis on wind power extraction. When non-renewable fossil fuel supply is declining, wind power offers an environmentally conscious means of generating electricity and assists in meeting the country's requirement for energy. This chapter presents a brief review of characteristics of wind and main components of modern WECS. Wind distribution function to determine the wind speed and hence predict certain quantities of WECS e.g. generated power, is described and wind power controlling methods are also presented. Description of most popular configurations of modern WECS.

Keywords:Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Wind Generator, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. 20% Wind Energy by 2030. (July, 2008). Retrieved from http://www.osti.gov/bridge switching
2. Wind Energy
3. T. Ackermann, "Wind Power in Power Systems", First edition, 2005, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.
4.  Gary L. Johnson, “Wind Energy Systems”, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood. Cliff, NJ, 1985
5. Z. Chen and F. Blaabjerg, “Wind energy: The world’s fastest growing energy source”, IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 15–19, 2006.
6. J. Andrews and N. Jelley, Energy Science - principles, technologies and impacts, Oxford University Press, 116-117 High St, Oxford, U.K., 2007.
7. R. Zavadil, N. Miller, A. Ellis, E. Muljadi, E. Camm, and B. Kirby, “Queuing up”, Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 47 – 58, Nov.-Dec. 2007.
8. S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, J. Wiley & Sons, 111, River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, US, 1998
9. E. Muljadi, C. P. Butterfield, J. Chacon, and H. Romanowitz, “Power quality aspects in a wind power plant”, in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006, Montreal, Canada, 18-22 June 2006.
10. Wachtel S., J. Marques, E. Quitman, and M. Schellschmidt, “Wind energy converters with FACTS capabilities and the benefits for the integration of wind power plants into power systems,” in Proc. European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition (EWEC), Milan, 4, May 7-10 2007, pp. 1761–65.
11. F. Blaabjerg and Z. Chen, Power Electronics for Modern Wind Turbines, Synthesis Lectures on Power Electronics. Morgan & Claypool, U.S., 2006
12. Wind in numbers. Retrieved from http://gwec.net/global-figures/wind-innumbers.
13. Branko M. Radičević, Milan S. Savić, Soren Find Madsen, and IonBadea, “Impact of wind turbine blade rotation on the lightning strike incidence – A theoretical and experimental study using a reduced-size model” Energy, Volume 45, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 644-654.
14. B. Parson, M. Milligan, B. Zavadil, D. Brooks, B. Kirby, K. Dragoon, and J. Caldwell, “Grid impacts of wind power: A summary of recent studies in the United States”, Wind Energy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 87–108, Apr./Jun. 2004.
15. R. A. Walling, R. Saint, R. C. Dugan, J. Burke, and L. A. Kojovic “Summary of distributed resources impact on power delivery systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Del., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1636 – 44, July 2008
16. J. C. Smith, M. R. Milligan, E. A. DeMeo, and B. Parsons, “Utility wind integration and operating impact state of the art”, IEEE Transactions on Power System, vol. 22, no. 3, pp.900–908, Aug. 2007..
17. C. Kalich J. King M. R. Milligan C. Murlay B. Oakleaf E. A. DeMeo, G. A. Jordan and M. J. Schuerger, “Accomodating wind’s natural behavior”, Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 59–67, Nov.-Dec. 2007.
18. “Integration of Renewable Energy in the Electrical Network in 2010”, draft final report, EU ALTENER PROJECT XVII/4.1030/Z/99-115, Brussels- Belgium, 2001.
19. J. M. Carrasco et al, “Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002-1016,2016.
20. J.J. Gutierrez, J. Ruiz, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, L.A. Leturiondo and A. Lazkano (2011), “Power quality in Grid-Connected wind turbines”, Dr. Ibrahim Al- Bahadly (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/15175.
21. Francisco C.De La Rosa “Harmonics and Power Systems” CRC press, First Indian Print.
22. IEEE Working Group on Power System Harmonics “Power System Harmonics: An Overview” IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol.3, No.8, pp. 27-28, Aug-1983
23. T.C.Shuter, H.T.Vollkommer and Jr.T.L.Kirkpatrick “Survey of Harmonic Levels on the American Electric Power Distribution System” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.2204-2213, Oct-1989.
24. Christopher K. Duffey and Ray. P. Stratford “Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-519: IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems” IEEE Trans on Industrial Applications, Vol.25, No.6, pp.1025-1034, Nov/Dec-1989.
25. Joseph S. Subjak., JR and John S. Mcquilkin “Harmonics - Causes, Effects, Measurements, and Analysis: An Update” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol.26, No.6, pp.1034-1042, Nov/Dec-1990.
26. Alexander E. Emanuel, John A. Orr, David Cyganski and Edward M. Gulachenski, “A Survey of Harmonic Voltages and Currents at the Customer’s Bus” ” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.411-421, Jan- 1993.
27. IEEE Working group on Non-sinusoidal Situations “Practical Definitions for Powers in Systems with Non sinusoidal Waveforms and Unbalanced Loads: A Discussion” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.79-87, Jan-1996.
28. Eric J. Davis, Alexander E. Emanuel and David J. Pileggi “Harmonic Pollution Metering: Theoretical Considerations” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.19-23, Jan-2000.
29. F.Z.Peng, H.Akagi and A.Nabae “A Novel Harmonic Power Filter” PESC, pp.1151-1158, April-1988.
30. Burton T, Sharpe D, Jenkins N and Bossanyi E, Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2001
31. Ton van de Wekken, and Fred Wien, “wind power”, Power Quality and Utilisation Guide Section 8 – Distributed Generation, Issue Autumn 2006.
32. R.C. Bansal, T.S. Bhatti, D.P. Kothari “On some of the design aspects of wind energy conversion systems”, Energy Conversion and Management, volume 43, Issue 16, pp. 2175-2187.
33. D. M. Eggleston, F. S. Stoddard, Wind Turbine Engineering Design, New York,NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987.
34. D. A. Spera (editor), Wind Turbine Technology. New York, NY: ASME Press, 1994.
35. S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.