Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm

Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi; Ajay Barapatr; Balajee Sharma

Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm

Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi, Ajay Barapatr, Balajee Sharma | International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-7 | ISSN: 2455-0337

Abstract

Distributed sensor nodes that gather and send data wirelessly make up Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which are crucial for several applications, including industrial automation, smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. However, effective data transfer and network management are crucial issues because of their constrained battery life and processing power. By grouping sensor nodes, lowering energy usage, and extending network lifespan, clustering algorithms are essential for improving network efficiency. To reduce redundant transmissions, these algorithms designate cluster heads who oversee data aggregation and base station communication. To maximize energy efficiency, scalability, and reliability, a variety of clustering algorithms have been developed, such as LEACH, HEED, and fuzzy logic-based systems. This study examines the basic ideas of WSNs, talks about important clustering algorithms, and outlines the benefits and drawbacks of each, offering insights into practical uses and potential future research areas. Given sensor nodes' short battery life, one of the most challenging tasks in heterogeneous WSNs (wireless sensor networks) is creating an energy-efficient routing protocol that can boost the network's lifespan. This paper thoroughly evaluates the various routing protocols that many researchers have used to reduce node energy consumption and boost network life. It also gives an overview of different networks.

Keywords: WSN, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, clustering algorithm

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References

Tan ND, Viet ND. SCBC: Sector-chain based clustering routing protocol for energy efficiency in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. In2015 international conference on advanced technologies for communications (ATC) 2015 Oct 14 (pp. 314-319). IEEE.
Sharma V, Saini DS. Performance investigation of advanced multi-hop and single-hop energy efficient LEACH protocol with heterogeneous nodes in wireless sensor networks. In2015 Second international conference on advances in computing and communication engineering 2015 May 1 (pp. 192-197). IEEE.
Tyagi S, Tanwar S, Gupta SK, Kumar N, Rodrigues JJ. A lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems. 2015 May;59(1):43-62.
Bhushan S, Pal R, Antoshchuk SG. Energy efficient clustering protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network: a hybrid approach using GA and K-means. In2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP) 2018 Aug 21 (pp. 381-385). IEEE.
Yao Y, Cao Q, Vasilakos AV. EDAL: An energy-efficient, delay-aware, and lifetime-balancing data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks. In2013 IEEE 10th international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems 2013 Oct 14 (pp. 182-190). IEEE.
Iqbal A, Akbar M, Javaid N, Bouk SH, Ilahi M, Khan RD. Advanced LEACH: A static clustering-based heteroneous routing protocol for WSNs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.1146. 2013 Jun 5.
Shetty NR, Prasad NH, Nalini N. Emerging research in computing, information, communication and applications. Springer Singapore; 2022.
Zhang W, Li L, Han G, Zhang L. E2HRC: An energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2017 Feb 13;5:1702-13.
Jerbi W, Guermazi A, Trabelsi H. A secure routing protocol in heterogeneous networks for internet of things. In2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC) 2020 Jun 15 (pp. 571-576). IEEE.
Kumar KA, Krishna AV, Chatrapati KS. New secure routing protocol with elliptic curve cryptography for military heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. 2017 Feb 17;38(2):341-65.
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ning S, Gao J, Liu Y. Energy-efficient multilevel heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2019 Feb 21;7:55873-84.
Verma S, Sood N, Sharma AK. Genetic algorithm-based optimized cluster head selection for single and multiple data sinks in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Applied Soft Computing. 2019 Dec 1;85:105788.
Kumar S, Verma SK, Kumar A. Enhanced threshold sensitive stable election protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. wireless personal communications. 2015 Dec;85(4):2643-56..
Liu Y, Wu Q, Zhao T, Tie Y, Bai F, Jin M. An improved energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 2019 Oct 21;19(20):4579.
Bara’a AA, Khalil EA. A new evolutionary based routing protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing. 2012 Jul 1;12(7):1950-7.
Singh D, Panda CK. Performance analysis of modified stable election protocol in heterogeneous wsn. InProceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Signals, Communication and Optimization (EESCO), Visakhapatnam, India 2015 Jan (pp. 24-25).
Li H. LEACH-HPR: An energy efficient routing algorithm for Heterogeneous WSN. In2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems 2010 Oct 29 (Vol. 2, pp. 507-511). IEEE.
Borujeni EM, Rahbari D, Nickray M. Fog-based energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2018 Dec;74(12):6831-58.
Aslam M, Shah T, Javaid N, Rahim A, Rahman Z, Khan ZA. CEEC: Centralized energy efficient clustering a new routing protocol for WSNs. In2012 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) 2012 Jun 18 (pp. 103-105). IEEE.
Dhage MR, Vemuru S. A effective cross layer multi-hop routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2018 May 1;10(2):664-71.
Toor AS, Jain AK. Energy aware cluster based multi-hop energy efficient routing protocol using multiple mobile nodes (MEACBM) in wireless sensor networks. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2019 Apr 1;102:41-53.
Malik SK, Dave M, Dhurandher SK, Woungang I, Barolli L. An ant-based QoS-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Soft computing. 2017 Nov;21:6225-36.
Farouk F, Rizk R, Zaki FW. Multi‐level stable and energy‐efficient clustering protocol in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IET Wireless Sensor Systems. 2014 Dec;4(4):159-69.
Rani R, Kakkar D, Kakkar P, Raman A. Distance based enhanced threshold sensitive stable election routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. InComputational Intelligence in Sensor Networks 2018 May 23 (pp. 101-122). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Khedr AM, Omar DM. SEP-CS: Effective Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Sens. Wirel. Networks. 2015 Oct;26(1-4):211-34.
Ya L, Pengjun W, Rong L, Huazhong Y, Wei L. Reliable energy-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN based on beaconing. In16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology 2014 Feb 16 (pp. 109-112). IEEE.
Behera TM, Mohapatra SK, Samal UC, Khan MS, Daneshmand M, Gandomi AH. I-SEP: An improved routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN for IoT-based environmental monitoring. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2019 Sep 12;7(1):710-7.
Al-Aboody NA, Al-Raweshidy HS. Grey wolf optimization-based energy-efficient routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2016 4th international symposium on computational and business intelligence (ISCBI) 2016 Sep 5 (pp. 101-107). IEEE

How to cite this article

APA

Raghuwanshi, A. K., Barapatr, A., & Sharma, B. (2025). Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, 11(01), 1-7.

MLA

Raghuwanshi, Akant Kumar, et al. “Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm.” International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-7.

Chicago

Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi, Ajay Barapatr, and Balajee Sharma. “Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm.” International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology 11, no. 01 (2025): 1-7.

Vancouver

Raghuwanshi AK, Barapatr A, Sharma B. Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology. 2025;11(01):1-7.

BibTeX

@article{RaghuwanshiAK2025,
author = {Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi and Ajay Barapatr and Balajee Sharma},
title = {Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm},
journal = {International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--7},
issn = {2455-0337},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijmet/article=16069}
}

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Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi, Ajay Barapatr, Balajee Sharma | International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-7 | ISSN: 2455-0337

Abstract

Keywords: WSN, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, clustering algorithm

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

Tan ND, Viet ND. SCBC: Sector-chain based clustering routing protocol for energy efficiency in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. In2015 international conference on advanced technologies for communications (ATC) 2015 Oct 14 (pp. 314-319). IEEE.
Sharma V, Saini DS. Performance investigation of advanced multi-hop and single-hop energy efficient LEACH protocol with heterogeneous nodes in wireless sensor networks. In2015 Second international conference on advances in computing and communication engineering 2015 May 1 (pp. 192-197). IEEE.
Tyagi S, Tanwar S, Gupta SK, Kumar N, Rodrigues JJ. A lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems. 2015 May;59(1):43-62.
Bhushan S, Pal R, Antoshchuk SG. Energy efficient clustering protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network: a hybrid approach using GA and K-means. In2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP) 2018 Aug 21 (pp. 381-385). IEEE.
Yao Y, Cao Q, Vasilakos AV. EDAL: An energy-efficient, delay-aware, and lifetime-balancing data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks. In2013 IEEE 10th international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems 2013 Oct 14 (pp. 182-190). IEEE.
Iqbal A, Akbar M, Javaid N, Bouk SH, Ilahi M, Khan RD. Advanced LEACH: A static clustering-based heteroneous routing protocol for WSNs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.1146. 2013 Jun 5.
Shetty NR, Prasad NH, Nalini N. Emerging research in computing, information, communication and applications. Springer Singapore; 2022.
Zhang W, Li L, Han G, Zhang L. E2HRC: An energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2017 Feb 13;5:1702-13.
Jerbi W, Guermazi A, Trabelsi H. A secure routing protocol in heterogeneous networks for internet of things. In2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC) 2020 Jun 15 (pp. 571-576). IEEE.
Kumar KA, Krishna AV, Chatrapati KS. New secure routing protocol with elliptic curve cryptography for military heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. 2017 Feb 17;38(2):341-65.
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ning S, Gao J, Liu Y. Energy-efficient multilevel heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2019 Feb 21;7:55873-84.
Verma S, Sood N, Sharma AK. Genetic algorithm-based optimized cluster head selection for single and multiple data sinks in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Applied Soft Computing. 2019 Dec 1;85:105788.
Kumar S, Verma SK, Kumar A. Enhanced threshold sensitive stable election protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. wireless personal communications. 2015 Dec;85(4):2643-56..
Liu Y, Wu Q, Zhao T, Tie Y, Bai F, Jin M. An improved energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 2019 Oct 21;19(20):4579.
Bara’a AA, Khalil EA. A new evolutionary based routing protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing. 2012 Jul 1;12(7):1950-7.
Singh D, Panda CK. Performance analysis of modified stable election protocol in heterogeneous wsn. InProceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Signals, Communication and Optimization (EESCO), Visakhapatnam, India 2015 Jan (pp. 24-25).
Li H. LEACH-HPR: An energy efficient routing algorithm for Heterogeneous WSN. In2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems 2010 Oct 29 (Vol. 2, pp. 507-511). IEEE.
Borujeni EM, Rahbari D, Nickray M. Fog-based energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2018 Dec;74(12):6831-58.
Aslam M, Shah T, Javaid N, Rahim A, Rahman Z, Khan ZA. CEEC: Centralized energy efficient clustering a new routing protocol for WSNs. In2012 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) 2012 Jun 18 (pp. 103-105). IEEE.
Dhage MR, Vemuru S. A effective cross layer multi-hop routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2018 May 1;10(2):664-71.
Toor AS, Jain AK. Energy aware cluster based multi-hop energy efficient routing protocol using multiple mobile nodes (MEACBM) in wireless sensor networks. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2019 Apr 1;102:41-53.
Malik SK, Dave M, Dhurandher SK, Woungang I, Barolli L. An ant-based QoS-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Soft computing. 2017 Nov;21:6225-36.
Farouk F, Rizk R, Zaki FW. Multi‐level stable and energy‐efficient clustering protocol in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IET Wireless Sensor Systems. 2014 Dec;4(4):159-69.
Rani R, Kakkar D, Kakkar P, Raman A. Distance based enhanced threshold sensitive stable election routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. InComputational Intelligence in Sensor Networks 2018 May 23 (pp. 101-122). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Khedr AM, Omar DM. SEP-CS: Effective Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Sens. Wirel. Networks. 2015 Oct;26(1-4):211-34.
Ya L, Pengjun W, Rong L, Huazhong Y, Wei L. Reliable energy-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN based on beaconing. In16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology 2014 Feb 16 (pp. 109-112). IEEE.
Behera TM, Mohapatra SK, Samal UC, Khan MS, Daneshmand M, Gandomi AH. I-SEP: An improved routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN for IoT-based environmental monitoring. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2019 Sep 12;7(1):710-7.
Al-Aboody NA, Al-Raweshidy HS. Grey wolf optimization-based energy-efficient routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2016 4th international symposium on computational and business intelligence (ISCBI) 2016 Sep 5 (pp. 101-107). IEEE

How to cite this article

APA

Raghuwanshi, A. K., Barapatr, A., & Sharma, B. (2025). Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, 11(01), 1-7.

MLA

Raghuwanshi, Akant Kumar, et al. “Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm.” International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-7.

Chicago

Vancouver

Raghuwanshi AK, Barapatr A, Sharma B. Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology. 2025;11(01):1-7.

BibTeX

@article{RaghuwanshiAK2025,
author = {Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi and Ajay Barapatr and Balajee Sharma},
title = {Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm},
journal = {International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--7},
issn = {2455-0337},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijmet/article=16069}
}

Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi, Ajay Barapatr, Balajee Sharma | International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-7 | ISSN: 2455-0337

Abstract

Keywords: WSN, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, clustering algorithm

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

Tan ND, Viet ND. SCBC: Sector-chain based clustering routing protocol for energy efficiency in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. In2015 international conference on advanced technologies for communications (ATC) 2015 Oct 14 (pp. 314-319). IEEE.
Sharma V, Saini DS. Performance investigation of advanced multi-hop and single-hop energy efficient LEACH protocol with heterogeneous nodes in wireless sensor networks. In2015 Second international conference on advances in computing and communication engineering 2015 May 1 (pp. 192-197). IEEE.
Tyagi S, Tanwar S, Gupta SK, Kumar N, Rodrigues JJ. A lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems. 2015 May;59(1):43-62.
Bhushan S, Pal R, Antoshchuk SG. Energy efficient clustering protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network: a hybrid approach using GA and K-means. In2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP) 2018 Aug 21 (pp. 381-385). IEEE.
Yao Y, Cao Q, Vasilakos AV. EDAL: An energy-efficient, delay-aware, and lifetime-balancing data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks. In2013 IEEE 10th international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems 2013 Oct 14 (pp. 182-190). IEEE.
Iqbal A, Akbar M, Javaid N, Bouk SH, Ilahi M, Khan RD. Advanced LEACH: A static clustering-based heteroneous routing protocol for WSNs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.1146. 2013 Jun 5.
Shetty NR, Prasad NH, Nalini N. Emerging research in computing, information, communication and applications. Springer Singapore; 2022.
Zhang W, Li L, Han G, Zhang L. E2HRC: An energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2017 Feb 13;5:1702-13.
Jerbi W, Guermazi A, Trabelsi H. A secure routing protocol in heterogeneous networks for internet of things. In2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC) 2020 Jun 15 (pp. 571-576). IEEE.
Kumar KA, Krishna AV, Chatrapati KS. New secure routing protocol with elliptic curve cryptography for military heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. 2017 Feb 17;38(2):341-65.
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ning S, Gao J, Liu Y. Energy-efficient multilevel heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access. 2019 Feb 21;7:55873-84.
Verma S, Sood N, Sharma AK. Genetic algorithm-based optimized cluster head selection for single and multiple data sinks in heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Applied Soft Computing. 2019 Dec 1;85:105788.
Kumar S, Verma SK, Kumar A. Enhanced threshold sensitive stable election protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. wireless personal communications. 2015 Dec;85(4):2643-56..
Liu Y, Wu Q, Zhao T, Tie Y, Bai F, Jin M. An improved energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 2019 Oct 21;19(20):4579.
Bara’a AA, Khalil EA. A new evolutionary based routing protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing. 2012 Jul 1;12(7):1950-7.
Singh D, Panda CK. Performance analysis of modified stable election protocol in heterogeneous wsn. InProceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Signals, Communication and Optimization (EESCO), Visakhapatnam, India 2015 Jan (pp. 24-25).
Li H. LEACH-HPR: An energy efficient routing algorithm for Heterogeneous WSN. In2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems 2010 Oct 29 (Vol. 2, pp. 507-511). IEEE.
Borujeni EM, Rahbari D, Nickray M. Fog-based energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2018 Dec;74(12):6831-58.
Aslam M, Shah T, Javaid N, Rahim A, Rahman Z, Khan ZA. CEEC: Centralized energy efficient clustering a new routing protocol for WSNs. In2012 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) 2012 Jun 18 (pp. 103-105). IEEE.
Dhage MR, Vemuru S. A effective cross layer multi-hop routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2018 May 1;10(2):664-71.
Toor AS, Jain AK. Energy aware cluster based multi-hop energy efficient routing protocol using multiple mobile nodes (MEACBM) in wireless sensor networks. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2019 Apr 1;102:41-53.
Malik SK, Dave M, Dhurandher SK, Woungang I, Barolli L. An ant-based QoS-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Soft computing. 2017 Nov;21:6225-36.
Farouk F, Rizk R, Zaki FW. Multi‐level stable and energy‐efficient clustering protocol in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IET Wireless Sensor Systems. 2014 Dec;4(4):159-69.
Rani R, Kakkar D, Kakkar P, Raman A. Distance based enhanced threshold sensitive stable election routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. InComputational Intelligence in Sensor Networks 2018 May 23 (pp. 101-122). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Alla SB, Ezzati A, Hssane AB, Hasnaoui ML. Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems 2011 Apr 7 (pp. 1-6). Ieee.
Khedr AM, Omar DM. SEP-CS: Effective Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Sens. Wirel. Networks. 2015 Oct;26(1-4):211-34.
Ya L, Pengjun W, Rong L, Huazhong Y, Wei L. Reliable energy-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN based on beaconing. In16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology 2014 Feb 16 (pp. 109-112). IEEE.
Behera TM, Mohapatra SK, Samal UC, Khan MS, Daneshmand M, Gandomi AH. I-SEP: An improved routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN for IoT-based environmental monitoring. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2019 Sep 12;7(1):710-7.
Al-Aboody NA, Al-Raweshidy HS. Grey wolf optimization-based energy-efficient routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In2016 4th international symposium on computational and business intelligence (ISCBI) 2016 Sep 5 (pp. 101-107). IEEE

How to cite this article

APA

Raghuwanshi, A. K., Barapatr, A., & Sharma, B. (2025). Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, 11(01), 1-7.

MLA

Raghuwanshi, Akant Kumar, et al. “Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm.” International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-7.

Chicago

Vancouver

Raghuwanshi AK, Barapatr A, Sharma B. Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology. 2025;11(01):1-7.

BibTeX

@article{RaghuwanshiAK2025,
author = {Akant Kumar Raghuwanshi and Ajay Barapatr and Balajee Sharma},
title = {Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Clustering Algorithm},
journal = {International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--7},
issn = {2455-0337},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijmet/article=16069}
}

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