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By: S. K. Nirgude, A. S. Yeole, A. B. Aher, S. S. Bagal, and P. L. Zade.
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MET’s IOE, Nashik, India.
2 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MET’s IOE, Nashik, India.
3 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MET’s IOE, Nashik, India.
4 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MET’s IOE, Nashik, India.
5 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MET’s IOE, Nashik, India.
Abstract Friction stir processing is a surface properties modification method consequential from friction stir welding. The process uses a non-consumable tool made up of tool steel material. The tool pin and shoulder plunged in the surface of the base material plates and it mover along the predetermined path. The frictional heat stimulates the plastic deformation during the process & enhances the dynamic recrystallization. The process represents an advanced approach that originates from Friction Welding process. Unlike, FSP, FSW focused solely on adapting the upper surface of the material rather than joining it. The process involves a rotating tool that penetrates the material’s surface, moving along the desired path to induce surface modification. Surface composites are formed by incorporating reinforcement particles, such as Mo or B₄C, into grooves beneath the rotating tool, enhancing surface properties. This method effectively refines the microstructure and improves surface characteristics, including hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Two primary approaches, the hole method and the groove method, are used in FSP, with the groove method being more common due to its superior results. The process relies on the exchange between the tool shoulder, pin, also workpiece, eliminating this need for shielding gas. FSP is environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and material-conserving technology. This significantly improves the materials plastic deformation and improves the surface properties. One of its primary uses is in improving surface characteristics such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and hardness, especially in metals like aluminum, magnesium, and steel. FSP is also extensively used to repair casting defects such as porosity and shrinkage cavities, while refining coarse microstructures in cast alloys. In the automotive industry, it is employed to strengthen lightweight components like engine blocks and suspension systems by producing fine-grained microstructures and surface composites. The process is applicable in automobile and aerospace industries due to its advances in surface characteristics.
Keywords: FSP, plastic deformation, microstructure refinement, surface properties modification, surface composites.
Citation:
Refrences:
[1] Marek Stanislaw Weglowski, 2018, “Friction stir processing- State of the art”, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, pp.114-129.
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[5] V.P.Mahesh and Amit Arora, 2019, “Effect of Tool Shoulder Diameter on the Surface Hardness of Aluminum- Molybdenum Surface Composites Developed by Single and Double Groove Friction Stir Processing”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, pp. 1-11.
[6] Hazal Moeini, Seyed Vahid Sajadifar , Tom Egler, Ben Heider, Thomas Niendorf, Matthias Oechsner, and Stefan Bohm, 2020, “ Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of Al-Si12 Additive Manufactured Components”, 10,85, pp. 1-13.
[7] Arpan Rout, Anurag Gumaste, Praful Pandey, and Eliezer Fernando Oliveira, 2020, “Bioinspired Aluminum Composite Reinforced with Soft Polymers with Enhanced Strength and Plasticity”, Advanced Engineering Materials, 22, pp. 1-10.
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