Positioned at the intersection of Pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has emerged as a novel intermediary discipline. This paper explores the techniques, significance, and landscape of molecular pharmacognosy. The primary emphasis of this manuscript includes the molecular characterization of medicinal raw materials, the phylogenetic history of medicinal plants, assessment and preservation of germplasm resources for medicinal flora, the study of endangered medicinal plant species, and the biosynthesis and bio-regulation of allelopathic compounds. A recent innovation in herbal drug discovery encompasses a holistic approach incorporating molecular methodologies. Since time immemorial, natural products, particularly plants, have served as the foundation for treating human ailments.

The foundation of modern medical concepts still lies in medicine. Tasking History, Chemical analysis first appeared in the early 19th century and the extraction and modification of herbal ingredients began. Standardization, extraction and identification of individual medicinal components. However, modern herbal medicine research addresses the needs of herbal medicine in modern medicine, which paves the way for the creation of new structures such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, matrix systems, solid dispersions, liposomes, SLNs, etc. Curcumin has been crafted into nanomicelle frameworks, nanotubular structures, and colloidal nanogels, which may be utilized individually or alongside other chemotherapy agents like paclitaxel.

Curcumin has been formulated into nanomicelle systems, nanotubes and colloidal nanogels, which can be used alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel.

DNA marker DNA-M, Genetic diversity- GD, Molecular Biology- MB, Molecular pharmacognosy -MP, Pharmacognosy

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1. Balunas MJ, Kinghorn AD. Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life sciences. 2005 Dec 22;78(5):431-41.
2. Huang L, Xiao P, Guo L, Gao W. Molecular pharmacognosy. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jun;53:643-52.
3. Gama KB, Quintans JS, Antoniolli AR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Santana WA, Branco A, Soares MB, Villarreal CF. Evidence for the involvement of descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms in the antinociceptive effect of hecogenin acetate. Journal of Natural Products. 2013 Apr 26;76(4):559-63.
4. Gupta S, Ved A. Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso as a medicinal plant species: A review on bioactive components and pharmacological properties. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2017 Jul;11(22):158.
5. Kinghorn AD. Pharmacognosy in the 21st century. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2001 Feb;53(2):135-48.
6. Salama M, Rashed SA, Fayez A, Hassanein SS, Sharaby MR, Tawfik NM, Mansour H, Adel M. Medicinal plant-derived compounds as potential phytotherapy forCOVID-19: future perspectives. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2021 Aug 31;13(3):68-81.
7. Luqi H. Prospects for application of molecular biotechnique to pharmcognosy. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi= China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 1995 Nov 1;20(11):643-5. \
8. Jia L, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine-ginseng (II): Collected chemical entities, modern pharmacology, and clinical applications emanated from traditional Chinese medicine. Current medicinal chemistry. 2009 Aug 1;16(22):2924-42.
9. Qian P, Mu XT, Su B, Gao L, Zhang DF. Identification of the anti-breast cancer targets of triterpenoids in Liquidambaris Fructus and the hints for its traditional applications. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2020 Dec;20:1-5.
10. Yang L, Qiao L, Su X, Ji B, Dong C. Drought stress stimulates the terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway to promote the synthesis of saikosaponin in Bupleurum chinense DC. roots. Molecules. 2022 Aug 25;27(17):5470.
11. Xie ZW. Evaluation of molecular pharmacognosy. China J Chin Mater Med. 2001;26:216.
12. Joshi K, Chavan P, Warude D, Patwardhan B. Molecular markers in herbal drug technology. Current science. 2004 Jul 25:159-65.
13. Cheema SK, Pant MR. Rapd Analysis of the Seven Cultivated Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013;2(1):152-8.
14. Sharma A, Namdeo A, Mahadik K. Molecular markers: New prospects in plant genome analysis. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2008;2(3):23.
15. Himesh S, Ak S, Sarvesh S. Quantitative estimation of DNA isolated from leaves and stem of Coleus aromaticus. Int J Pharm. 2012;2(1):84-9.
16. Chuan-hui ZH, You-wei CH, Yi ZH, Shao-hua WU, Shao-lan LI, ZHI-ying LI, Li-yuan YA. Study on the Chemical Components of Transformation Outcome of Microbial Transformation by Aspergillus niger. Natural Product Research & Development. 2008 Aug 1;20(4).
17. Radman R, Sacz T, Bucke C, Keshvartz T. Biotehnol. Appl. Biochem. 2003;37:91-10.
18. Yu KZ, Liu J, Guo BL, Zhao ZZ, Hong H, Chen HB, Cai SQ. Microscopic research on a multi-source traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali Radix. Journal of natural medicines. 2014 Apr;68:340-50.
19. Liu XG, Lu X, Gao W, Li P, Yang H. Structure, synthesis, biosynthesis, and activity of the characteristic compounds from Ginkgo biloba L. Natural Product Reports. 2022;39(3):474-511.
20. Handayani R, Dinoto A, Bintang M. Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 2022;23(1).
21. Kazemi M, Eshraghi A, Yegdaneh A, Ghannadi A. “Clinical pharmacognosy”-A new interesting era of pharmacy in the third millennium. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012 Dec;20:1-3.
22. Yaseen KM, Vimal K, Anuradha G, Niraj V, Siddharth P, Amee B. Reverse pharmacognosy in new drug discovery. Current Pharma Research Journal. 2007;1(5):31-6.
23. Jones G, Willett P, Glen RC, Leach AR, Taylor R. Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking. Journal of molecular biology. 1997 Apr 4;267(3):727-48.
24. Himesh S, Singhai AK. In-vivo and In-silico Design of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Rutin. SGVU Int J Env Sci Technol. 2014;2(1):48.
25. Hebert PD, Stoeckle MY, Zemlak TS, Francis CM. Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS biology. 2004 Oct;2(10):e312.
26. Huang L, Xiao P, Guo L, Gao W. Molecular pharmacognosy. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jun;53:643-52.
27. Amato A, Becci A, Beolchini F. Citric acid bioproduction: the technological innovation change. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2020 Feb 17;40(2):199-212.
28. Huang XZ, Wang YH, Yu SS, Fu GM, Hu YC, Liu Y, Fan LH. Iridoid glycosides and grayanane diterpenoids from the roots of Craibiodendron henryi. Journal of natural products. 2005 Nov 28;68(11):1646-50.
29. Staniek A, Bouwmeester H, Fraser PD, Kayser O, Martens S, Tissier A, Van Der Krol S, Wessjohann L, Warzecha H. Natural products–modifying metabolite pathways in plants. Biotechnology Journal. 2013 Oct;8(10):1159-71.
30. Yu O, Jez JM. Nature’s assembly line: biosynthesis of simple phenylpropanoids and polyketides. The Plant Journal. 2008 May;54(4):750-62.
31. Wang M, Lamers RJ, Korthout HA, van Nesselrooij JH, Witkamp RF, van der Heijden R, Voshol PJ, Havekes LM, Verpoorte R, van der Greef J. Metabolomics in the context of systems biology: bridging traditional Chinese medicine and molecular pharmacology. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2005 Mar;19(3):173-82.

Positioned at the intersection of Pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has emerged as a novel intermediary discipline. This paper explores the techniques, significance, and landscape of molecular pharmacognosy. The primary emphasis of this manuscript includes the molecular characterization of medicinal raw materials, the phylogenetic history of medicinal plants, assessment and preservation of germplasm resources for medicinal flora, the study of endangered medicinal plant species, and the biosynthesis and bio-regulation of allelopathic compounds. A recent innovation in herbal drug discovery encompasses a holistic approach incorporating molecular methodologies. Since time immemorial, natural products, particularly plants, have served as the foundation for treating human ailments.

The foundation of modern medical concepts still lies in medicine. Tasking History, Chemical analysis first appeared in the early 19th century and the extraction and modification of herbal ingredients began. Standardization, extraction and identification of individual medicinal components. However, modern herbal medicine research addresses the needs of herbal medicine in modern medicine, which paves the way for the creation of new structures such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, matrix systems, solid dispersions, liposomes, SLNs, etc. Curcumin has been crafted into nanomicelle frameworks, nanotubular structures, and colloidal nanogels, which may be utilized individually or alongside other chemotherapy agents like paclitaxel.

Curcumin has been formulated into nanomicelle systems, nanotubes and colloidal nanogels, which can be used alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel.

DNA marker DNA-M, Genetic diversity- GD, Molecular Biology- MB, Molecular pharmacognosy -MP, Pharmacognosy

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Balunas MJ, Kinghorn AD. Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life sciences. 2005 Dec 22;78(5):431-41.
2. Huang L, Xiao P, Guo L, Gao W. Molecular pharmacognosy. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jun;53:643-52.
3. Gama KB, Quintans JS, Antoniolli AR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Santana WA, Branco A, Soares MB, Villarreal CF. Evidence for the involvement of descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms in the antinociceptive effect of hecogenin acetate. Journal of Natural Products. 2013 Apr 26;76(4):559-63.
4. Gupta S, Ved A. Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso as a medicinal plant species: A review on bioactive components and pharmacological properties. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2017 Jul;11(22):158.
5. Kinghorn AD. Pharmacognosy in the 21st century. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2001 Feb;53(2):135-48.
6. Salama M, Rashed SA, Fayez A, Hassanein SS, Sharaby MR, Tawfik NM, Mansour H, Adel M. Medicinal plant-derived compounds as potential phytotherapy forCOVID-19: future perspectives. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2021 Aug 31;13(3):68-81.
7. Luqi H. Prospects for application of molecular biotechnique to pharmcognosy. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi= China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 1995 Nov 1;20(11):643-5. \
8. Jia L, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine-ginseng (II): Collected chemical entities, modern pharmacology, and clinical applications emanated from traditional Chinese medicine. Current medicinal chemistry. 2009 Aug 1;16(22):2924-42.
9. Qian P, Mu XT, Su B, Gao L, Zhang DF. Identification of the anti-breast cancer targets of triterpenoids in Liquidambaris Fructus and the hints for its traditional applications. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2020 Dec;20:1-5.
10. Yang L, Qiao L, Su X, Ji B, Dong C. Drought stress stimulates the terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway to promote the synthesis of saikosaponin in Bupleurum chinense DC. roots. Molecules. 2022 Aug 25;27(17):5470.
11. Xie ZW. Evaluation of molecular pharmacognosy. China J Chin Mater Med. 2001;26:216.
12. Joshi K, Chavan P, Warude D, Patwardhan B. Molecular markers in herbal drug technology. Current science. 2004 Jul 25:159-65.
13. Cheema SK, Pant MR. Rapd Analysis of the Seven Cultivated Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013;2(1):152-8.
14. Sharma A, Namdeo A, Mahadik K. Molecular markers: New prospects in plant genome analysis. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2008;2(3):23.
15. Himesh S, Ak S, Sarvesh S. Quantitative estimation of DNA isolated from leaves and stem of Coleus aromaticus. Int J Pharm. 2012;2(1):84-9.
16. Chuan-hui ZH, You-wei CH, Yi ZH, Shao-hua WU, Shao-lan LI, ZHI-ying LI, Li-yuan YA. Study on the Chemical Components of Transformation Outcome of Microbial Transformation by Aspergillus niger. Natural Product Research & Development. 2008 Aug 1;20(4).
17. Radman R, Sacz T, Bucke C, Keshvartz T. Biotehnol. Appl. Biochem. 2003;37:91-10.
18. Yu KZ, Liu J, Guo BL, Zhao ZZ, Hong H, Chen HB, Cai SQ. Microscopic research on a multi-source traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali Radix. Journal of natural medicines. 2014 Apr;68:340-50.
19. Liu XG, Lu X, Gao W, Li P, Yang H. Structure, synthesis, biosynthesis, and activity of the characteristic compounds from Ginkgo biloba L. Natural Product Reports. 2022;39(3):474-511.
20. Handayani R, Dinoto A, Bintang M. Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 2022;23(1).
21. Kazemi M, Eshraghi A, Yegdaneh A, Ghannadi A. “Clinical pharmacognosy”-A new interesting era of pharmacy in the third millennium. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012 Dec;20:1-3.
22. Yaseen KM, Vimal K, Anuradha G, Niraj V, Siddharth P, Amee B. Reverse pharmacognosy in new drug discovery. Current Pharma Research Journal. 2007;1(5):31-6.
23. Jones G, Willett P, Glen RC, Leach AR, Taylor R. Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking. Journal of molecular biology. 1997 Apr 4;267(3):727-48.
24. Himesh S, Singhai AK. In-vivo and In-silico Design of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Rutin. SGVU Int J Env Sci Technol. 2014;2(1):48.
25. Hebert PD, Stoeckle MY, Zemlak TS, Francis CM. Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS biology. 2004 Oct;2(10):e312.
26. Huang L, Xiao P, Guo L, Gao W. Molecular pharmacognosy. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jun;53:643-52.
27. Amato A, Becci A, Beolchini F. Citric acid bioproduction: the technological innovation change. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2020 Feb 17;40(2):199-212.
28. Huang XZ, Wang YH, Yu SS, Fu GM, Hu YC, Liu Y, Fan LH. Iridoid glycosides and grayanane diterpenoids from the roots of Craibiodendron henryi. Journal of natural products. 2005 Nov 28;68(11):1646-50.
29. Staniek A, Bouwmeester H, Fraser PD, Kayser O, Martens S, Tissier A, Van Der Krol S, Wessjohann L, Warzecha H. Natural products–modifying metabolite pathways in plants. Biotechnology Journal. 2013 Oct;8(10):1159-71.
30. Yu O, Jez JM. Nature’s assembly line: biosynthesis of simple phenylpropanoids and polyketides. The Plant Journal. 2008 May;54(4):750-62.
31. Wang M, Lamers RJ, Korthout HA, van Nesselrooij JH, Witkamp RF, van der Heijden R, Voshol PJ, Havekes LM, Verpoorte R, van der Greef J. Metabolomics in the context of systems biology: bridging traditional Chinese medicine and molecular pharmacology. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2005 Mar;19(3):173-82.