This work presents an analytical solution to provide a real time variation in increase of temperature during laser-treatment of cancer tissues. Energy conservation equation is used to model the respective laser treatment process considering application of the laser and related heat loss as heat source terms. The present prediction is validated first with existing literature and extended the same to predict the effect of different process variables, such as laser intensity, beam diameter, tissue absorption coefficient, blood perfusion rate, and surrounding heat loss on history of temperature during interaction of laser-tissue. It is observed that the temperature of the tissues increases with an increase in the laser intensity and with a decrease in the blood perfusion factor. The effect of other process parameters on the history of temperature is also presented as a parametric study. In short, the present model can provide a real time variation of temperature during laser treatment of cancer tissues under various process parameters, which is a helpful model in medical treatment of cancer tissues.

Keywords: Photo-thermal therapy, cancer tissue, laser, analytical model, blood perfusion

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1. Gnyawali SC, Chen Y, Wu F, Bartels KE, Wicksted JP, Liu H, et al. Temperature measurement on tissue surface during laser irradiation. Medic Biologic Eng Compu. 2008 Feb;46:159–68.
2. Xu Y, Long S, Yang Y, Zhou F, Dong N, Yan K, et al. Mathematical simulation of temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green. Theoretl Bio Med Modelg. 2019 Dec;16:1–1.
3. Steiner R. Laser-tissue interactions. In: Laser and IPL technology in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2010 Oct 8. pp. 23–36.
4. Frank KH. Laser light and tissue: biophysical aspects of medical laser application. In: First International Conference on Lasers and Medicine. SPIE. 1990 Sep 1;1353:37–45.
5. Liu S, Doughty A, West C, Tang Z, Zhou F, Chen WR. Determination of temperature distribution in tissue for interstitial cancer photothermal therapy. Intl J Hypertherm. 2018 Aug 18;34(6):756–63.
6. Xu Y, Long S, Yang Y, Zhou F, Dong N, Yan K, et al. Mathematical simulation of temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green. Theoret Bio Med Modelg. 2019 Dec;16:1–1.
7. Tuchin VV. Tissue optics and photonics: light-tissue interaction. J Biomed Photonics Eng. 2015;1(2):98–134.
8. Aires-Fernandes M, Amantino CF, do Amaral SR, Primo FL. Tissue engineering and photodynamic therapy: a new frontier of science for clinical application-an up-to-date review. Frontiers Bioeng Biotech. 2022 Jun 15;10:837693.
9. Insero G, Fusi F, Romano G. The safe use of lasers in biomedicine: Principles of laser-matter interaction. J Pub Health Res. 2023 Jul;12(3):22799036231187077.
10. Nguyen L, Seeber N, Schneider SW, Herberger K. Thermal eye injuries from dermatologic laser treatments—an experimental study. Lasers in Medical Science. 2023 Apr 22;38(1):110.
11. Sagi-Dolev AM, Shitzer A, Katzir A, Akselrod S. Heating of biological tissue by laser irradiation: theoretical model. Optical engineering. 1992 Jul;31(7):1417–24.
12. Andreozzi A, Brunese L, Iasiello M, Tucci C, Vanoli GP. Modeling heat transfer in tumors: A review of thermal therapies. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2019 Mar 15;47:676–93.
13. Moshonov J, Stabholz A, Leopold Y, Rosenberg I. Lasers in dentistry. Part B--Interaction with biological tissues and the effect on the soft tissues of the oral cavity, the hard tissues of the tooth and the dental pulp. Refu’at Ha-peh Veha-shinayim (1993). 2001 Oct 1;18(3–4):21–8.
14. Amini S, Ahmadikia H. Treatment Modelling of a 3D Tumour in Brain by Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy. J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Aug 22;14:e26.
15. Wongchadakul P, Rattanadecho P. Mathematical Modeling of Multilayered Skin with Embedded Tumor Through Combining Laser Ablation and Nanoparticles: Effects of Laser Beam Area, Wavelength, Intensity, Tumor Absorption Coefficient and Its Position. Intl J Heat Tech. 2021 Feb 1;39(1).

This work presents an analytical solution to provide a real time variation in increase of temperature during laser-treatment of cancer tissues. Energy conservation equation is used to model the respective laser treatment process considering application of the laser and related heat loss as heat source terms. The present prediction is validated first with existing literature and extended the same to predict the effect of different process variables, such as laser intensity, beam diameter, tissue absorption coefficient, blood perfusion rate, and surrounding heat loss on history of temperature during interaction of laser-tissue. It is observed that the temperature of the tissues increases with an increase in the laser intensity and with a decrease in the blood perfusion factor. The effect of other process parameters on the history of temperature is also presented as a parametric study. In short, the present model can provide a real time variation of temperature during laser treatment of cancer tissues under various process parameters, which is a helpful model in medical treatment of cancer tissues.

Keywords: Photo-thermal therapy, cancer tissue, laser, analytical model, blood perfusion

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Gnyawali SC, Chen Y, Wu F, Bartels KE, Wicksted JP, Liu H, et al. Temperature measurement on tissue surface during laser irradiation. Medic Biologic Eng Compu. 2008 Feb;46:159–68.
2. Xu Y, Long S, Yang Y, Zhou F, Dong N, Yan K, et al. Mathematical simulation of temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green. Theoretl Bio Med Modelg. 2019 Dec;16:1–1.
3. Steiner R. Laser-tissue interactions. In: Laser and IPL technology in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2010 Oct 8. pp. 23–36.
4. Frank KH. Laser light and tissue: biophysical aspects of medical laser application. In: First International Conference on Lasers and Medicine. SPIE. 1990 Sep 1;1353:37–45.
5. Liu S, Doughty A, West C, Tang Z, Zhou F, Chen WR. Determination of temperature distribution in tissue for interstitial cancer photothermal therapy. Intl J Hypertherm. 2018 Aug 18;34(6):756–63.
6. Xu Y, Long S, Yang Y, Zhou F, Dong N, Yan K, et al. Mathematical simulation of temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green. Theoret Bio Med Modelg. 2019 Dec;16:1–1.
7. Tuchin VV. Tissue optics and photonics: light-tissue interaction. J Biomed Photonics Eng. 2015;1(2):98–134.
8. Aires-Fernandes M, Amantino CF, do Amaral SR, Primo FL. Tissue engineering and photodynamic therapy: a new frontier of science for clinical application-an up-to-date review. Frontiers Bioeng Biotech. 2022 Jun 15;10:837693.
9. Insero G, Fusi F, Romano G. The safe use of lasers in biomedicine: Principles of laser-matter interaction. J Pub Health Res. 2023 Jul;12(3):22799036231187077.
10. Nguyen L, Seeber N, Schneider SW, Herberger K. Thermal eye injuries from dermatologic laser treatments—an experimental study. Lasers in Medical Science. 2023 Apr 22;38(1):110.
11. Sagi-Dolev AM, Shitzer A, Katzir A, Akselrod S. Heating of biological tissue by laser irradiation: theoretical model. Optical engineering. 1992 Jul;31(7):1417–24.
12. Andreozzi A, Brunese L, Iasiello M, Tucci C, Vanoli GP. Modeling heat transfer in tumors: A review of thermal therapies. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2019 Mar 15;47:676–93.
13. Moshonov J, Stabholz A, Leopold Y, Rosenberg I. Lasers in dentistry. Part B--Interaction with biological tissues and the effect on the soft tissues of the oral cavity, the hard tissues of the tooth and the dental pulp. Refu’at Ha-peh Veha-shinayim (1993). 2001 Oct 1;18(3–4):21–8.
14. Amini S, Ahmadikia H. Treatment Modelling of a 3D Tumour in Brain by Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy. J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Aug 22;14:e26.
15. Wongchadakul P, Rattanadecho P. Mathematical Modeling of Multilayered Skin with Embedded Tumor Through Combining Laser Ablation and Nanoparticles: Effects of Laser Beam Area, Wavelength, Intensity, Tumor Absorption Coefficient and Its Position. Intl J Heat Tech. 2021 Feb 1;39(1).