The outcomes of the research are to determine and evaluate the kinetic parameters of total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation using grape leaf as nutrient to catalyze the reaction. The application of the Michaelis–Menten model equation in combination with the Lineweaver–Burk Plot theoretical conceptual techniques was adopted in handling the computation of the functional parameters and coefficients of the system. The impact of bio-remediant dosage was monitored, and the kinetic parameters were determined by evaluating the specific rate of TPH degradation as well as computation of the reciprocal of the specific rate of the TPH degradation and the reciprocal of the TPH degradation. The plot of the reciprocal of the specific rate of the TPH degradation against the reciprocal of the TPH degradation defines the concept of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot, which was used in the determination of the maximum specific rate and dissociation constant of the TPH remediation or degradation in each bioreactor set-up. The 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 and the 𝐾𝑇𝑃𝐻 representing the functional parameter and coefficient of the kinetics were computed for each bioreactor using the experimental outcome result obtained from the investigation. This research was able to demonstrate and outline the possible kinetic parameters of each bioreactor provide the characteristics and the behavior of the trend of the graph followed the conceptual application of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot theory. For those that the line curve does not follow the conceptual applications of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot the best medium to determine their kinetic parameters is by employing the plot of regression concepts, which relates the computational concepts of slope and intercept values of the linear curve.

Keywords: Evaluation, kinetic, parameters, degradation, grape leaf, nutrient, catalyze

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1. Ukpaka CP, Nwankwo IC, Igbokwe CC. Potentiality of grape leaves extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Int J Environ Pollut. 2016;52(1):131–140.
2. Adaba CS. Effects of particle size distribution on bioremediation of crude oil polluted sandy soils. Niger J Technol. 2013;32(3):435–439.
3. Wang Z, Liu W. Effects of grape leaf powder on the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci. 2011;23(1):137–143.
4. Adams GO, Tawari-Fufeyin P, Igelenyah E. Bioremediation of spent oil contaminated soils using poultry litter. Res J Eng Appl Sci. 2014;3(2):124–130.
5. Wu Y, Chu Y, Yu H. Biostimulation of indigenous microorganisms for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with grape leaf powder. J Environ Manage. 2010;91(11):2645–2651.
6. Adams GO, Tawari-Fufeyin P, Okoro SE, Igelenyah E. Bioremediation, biostimulation and bioaugmention: A review. Int J Environ Bioremed Biodegrad. 2015;3(1):28–39.
7. Nikakhtari H, Kumar P, Nemati M, Hill GA. Mass transfer and bioremediation of aromatics from NAPL in a baffled roller bioreactor. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2008;86:252–258.
8. Chijioke-Osuji C, Ibegbulam-Njoku P. Biodegradation of crude oil polluted soil by co-composting with agricultural wastes and inorganic fertilizer. Res J Nat Sci. 2014;4(6):1–12.
9. Nwogu TA. Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons after amendment with Capra aegagrus hircus (Goat) manure. Biotechnol Res Int. 2015:1–7.
10. Esmaeil A. Enhanced crude oil biodegradation in soil via biostimulation. Int J Phytoremediation. 2016:822–831.
11. Okorondu JN. Bioremediation of crude oil spills on sandy soil using grape leaf. J Environ Sci Technol. 2022;15(1):1–10.
12. Gaiero J, McAll C, Thompson K. Inside the root microbiome: Bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion. Am J Bot. 2013;100(9):1738–1750.
13. Uba IA, Anyanwu JO. Potential of grape leaf extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104645.
14. Liu Z, Wang Q. Enhanced bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by co-stimulation with grape leaf powder and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. J Hazard Mater. 2009;164(1–3):297–304.
15. Naveed M, Mitter B, Yousaf S. The endophyte Enterobacter sp. FD17: A maize growth enhancer selected based on rigorous testing of plant beneficial traits and colonization characteristics. Biol Fertil Soils. 2014:249–262.
16. Garcia-Gonzalez F, Duarte E. Biostimulation and bioaugmentation for the remediation of contaminated sites. In: Comprehensive Biotechnology. Elsevier; 2009. p.671–692.
17. Lu Y, Sun Y. Evaluation of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2010;29(1):29–35.
18. Neha J, Swati S. Phytoextraction potential of neem (Azadirachta indica) for Cd detoxification. Clim Change Environ Sustain. 2018;6(2):154–159.
19. Jain V, Sharma S, Kaur P. Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using plant-associated microorganisms. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 2011;65(1):59–65.
20. Jaiswal D, Patel VC, Singh N. Evaluation of organic amendments for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2010;17(5):759–771.
21. Lin J, Gan J. The use of grape leaf powder for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci Health B. 2010;45(2):177–183.

The outcomes of the research are to determine and evaluate the kinetic parameters of total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation using grape leaf as nutrient to catalyze the reaction. The application of the Michaelis–Menten model equation in combination with the Lineweaver–Burk Plot theoretical conceptual techniques was adopted in handling the computation of the functional parameters and coefficients of the system. The impact of bio-remediant dosage was monitored, and the kinetic parameters were determined by evaluating the specific rate of TPH degradation as well as computation of the reciprocal of the specific rate of the TPH degradation and the reciprocal of the TPH degradation. The plot of the reciprocal of the specific rate of the TPH degradation against the reciprocal of the TPH degradation defines the concept of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot, which was used in the determination of the maximum specific rate and dissociation constant of the TPH remediation or degradation in each bioreactor set-up. The 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 and the 𝐾𝑇𝑃𝐻 representing the functional parameter and coefficient of the kinetics were computed for each bioreactor using the experimental outcome result obtained from the investigation. This research was able to demonstrate and outline the possible kinetic parameters of each bioreactor provide the characteristics and the behavior of the trend of the graph followed the conceptual application of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot theory. For those that the line curve does not follow the conceptual applications of the Lineweaver–Burk Plot the best medium to determine their kinetic parameters is by employing the plot of regression concepts, which relates the computational concepts of slope and intercept values of the linear curve.

Keywords: Evaluation, kinetic, parameters, degradation, grape leaf, nutrient, catalyze

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Ukpaka CP, Nwankwo IC, Igbokwe CC. Potentiality of grape leaves extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Int J Environ Pollut. 2016;52(1):131–140.
2. Adaba CS. Effects of particle size distribution on bioremediation of crude oil polluted sandy soils. Niger J Technol. 2013;32(3):435–439.
3. Wang Z, Liu W. Effects of grape leaf powder on the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci. 2011;23(1):137–143.
4. Adams GO, Tawari-Fufeyin P, Igelenyah E. Bioremediation of spent oil contaminated soils using poultry litter. Res J Eng Appl Sci. 2014;3(2):124–130.
5. Wu Y, Chu Y, Yu H. Biostimulation of indigenous microorganisms for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with grape leaf powder. J Environ Manage. 2010;91(11):2645–2651.
6. Adams GO, Tawari-Fufeyin P, Okoro SE, Igelenyah E. Bioremediation, biostimulation and bioaugmention: A review. Int J Environ Bioremed Biodegrad. 2015;3(1):28–39.
7. Nikakhtari H, Kumar P, Nemati M, Hill GA. Mass transfer and bioremediation of aromatics from NAPL in a baffled roller bioreactor. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2008;86:252–258.
8. Chijioke-Osuji C, Ibegbulam-Njoku P. Biodegradation of crude oil polluted soil by co-composting with agricultural wastes and inorganic fertilizer. Res J Nat Sci. 2014;4(6):1–12.
9. Nwogu TA. Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons after amendment with Capra aegagrus hircus (Goat) manure. Biotechnol Res Int. 2015:1–7.
10. Esmaeil A. Enhanced crude oil biodegradation in soil via biostimulation. Int J Phytoremediation. 2016:822–831.
11. Okorondu JN. Bioremediation of crude oil spills on sandy soil using grape leaf. J Environ Sci Technol. 2022;15(1):1–10.
12. Gaiero J, McAll C, Thompson K. Inside the root microbiome: Bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion. Am J Bot. 2013;100(9):1738–1750.
13. Uba IA, Anyanwu JO. Potential of grape leaf extract for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104645.
14. Liu Z, Wang Q. Enhanced bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by co-stimulation with grape leaf powder and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. J Hazard Mater. 2009;164(1–3):297–304.
15. Naveed M, Mitter B, Yousaf S. The endophyte Enterobacter sp. FD17: A maize growth enhancer selected based on rigorous testing of plant beneficial traits and colonization characteristics. Biol Fertil Soils. 2014:249–262.
16. Garcia-Gonzalez F, Duarte E. Biostimulation and bioaugmentation for the remediation of contaminated sites. In: Comprehensive Biotechnology. Elsevier; 2009. p.671–692.
17. Lu Y, Sun Y. Evaluation of grape leaf powder as a biostimulant for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2010;29(1):29–35.
18. Neha J, Swati S. Phytoextraction potential of neem (Azadirachta indica) for Cd detoxification. Clim Change Environ Sustain. 2018;6(2):154–159.
19. Jain V, Sharma S, Kaur P. Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using plant-associated microorganisms. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 2011;65(1):59–65.
20. Jaiswal D, Patel VC, Singh N. Evaluation of organic amendments for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2010;17(5):759–771.
21. Lin J, Gan J. The use of grape leaf powder for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci Health B. 2010;45(2):177–183.