Fiber reinforced polymer composites have a long history of being significant in a variety of applications because of their exceptional specific strength and modulus. An alternative to synthetic polymers that pollute the environment is provided by thermoplastic and vetiver fiber (VF) composites. In comparison to conventional reinforcing fibers (glass and carbon fiber), natural fibers (such as banana, sisal, coir, jute, vetiver, flax, hemp, and kenaf) have the following benefits: they are easier to obtain, renewable, noncorrosive, light density, biodegradable, have a high specific energy (strength of density ratio), and are less expensive. An inexpensive and ecologically friendly alternative to the costly chemical treatment of VF in polymer composites is VF length control. VF-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were modified in the current study by utilizing the hot press compression molding technique in conjunction with the film process stacking method. A range of process parameters were employed, including VF condition (untreated and treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)), VF sizes (short-VF is less than three centimeters and long-VF is greater than three centimeters), and VF percent (5, 10, and 15 weight %). The tensile modulus and modulus efficiency factor of the LDPE composite were examined in relation to the impacts of VF size, VF content, and SDS treatment. The results shown that, as a result of increased load bearing and interfacial adhesion, VF content up to 10 wt. %, processing temperature up to 160°C, and SDS treatment during processing for up to five hours, all increased a certain amount of tensile modulus and modulus efficiency factor. Long-VF load transfers have obviously had a positive effect, as seen by the improvement in tensile modulus and its efficiency factor as a result of efficient load transfer. The fibers’ brittleness led to a decrease in their ductility.

1. Khan RA, Zaman HU. Plant-drive waste fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: modification of fiber surface treatment. IJCCM. 2023;9(1):14–23. 2. Zaman HU, Khan RA. A review on potential uses and characterization of okra fiber reinforced polymer composites. IJEC. 2022;8(2):22–33. 3. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Influence of fiber surface modifications on fiber-matrix interaction in plant and waste fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Int J Adv Sci Eng.. 2022;9(2):2686–2697. 4. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Surface modified abaca fibers: physico-mechanical, morphological and degradation properties evaluation. JoMME. 2022;12:36–48. 5. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Acetylation used for natural fiber/polymer composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2021;34(1):3–23. 6. Zaman HU. Chemically modified coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites for furniture applications. IRJMETS. 2020;2:975–982. 7. Zaman HU, Khan R. A novel strategy for fabrication and performance evaluation of bamboo/e glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Int J Res. 2021;8(5):201–211. 8. Saba N, Paridah MT, Jawaid M. Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: a review. Constr Building Mater. 2015;76:87–96. 9. Yavas D, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Wu D. Fracture behavior of 3D printed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Compos Sci Tech. 2021;208:108741. 10. Morampudi P, Namala KK, Gajjela YK, Barath M, Prudhvi G. Review on glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Mater Today Proc. 2021;43:314–319. 11. Vinayagamoorthy R, Rajeswari N. Mechanical performance studies on Vetiveria zizanioides/jute/glass fiber-reinforced hybrid polymeric composites. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2014; 33(1):81–92. 12. Zaman HU, Khan RA, Chowdhury AM. The improvement of physicomechanical, flame retardant, and thermal properties of lignocellulosic material filled polymer composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2023;36(3):1034–1050. 13. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Surface modified benzoylated okra (abelmoschus esculentus) bast fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Adv J Sci Eng. 2022;3(1):7–17. 14. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Effect of fiber surface modifications on the properties of snake grass fiber reinforced polypropylene bio-composites. JAST. 2022;36(13):1439–1457. 15. Correa CA, Razzino CA, Hage Jr E. Role of maleated coupling agents on the interface adhesion of polypropylene—wood composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2007;20(3):323–339. 16. Ashori A. Hybrid composites from waste materials. J Environ Polym Degrad. 2010;18:65–70. 17. Ashori A, Nourbakhsh A. Reinforced polypropylene composites: effects of chemical compositions and particle size. Bioresour technol. 2010;101(7):2515–2519. 18. Choi NW, Mori I, Ohama Y. Development of rice husks–plastics composites for building materials. Waste Manag. 2006;26(2):189–194. 19. Salmah H, Koay SC, Hakimah O. Surface modification of coconut shell powder filled polylactic acid biocomposites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2013;26(6):809–819. 20. Zaman HU, Beg MD. Banana fiber strands–reinforced polymer matrix composites. Compos Interfaces. 2016;23(4):281–295. 21. Zaman HU, Beg MD. Effect of coir fiber content and compatibilizer on the properties of unidirectional coir fiber/polypropylene composites. Fiber polym. 2014;15(4):831–838. 22. Zaman HU. Chemically modified coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites for furniture applications. IRJMETS. 2020;2:975–982. 23. Zaman HU, Khan R. A novel strategy for fabrication and performance evaluation of bamboo/e glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Int J Res. 2021;8(5):201–211. 24. Zaman HU, Khan R. A novel strategy for fabrication and performance evaluation of bamboo/e glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Int J Res. 2021;8(5):201–211. 25. Zheng J, Zhou X. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-modified carbon paste electrodes for selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. Bioelectrochem. 2007;70(2):408–415. 26. Chun KS, Husseinsyah S, Azizi FN. Characterization and properties of recycled polypropylene/coconut shell powder composites: effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate modification. Polym-Plast Technol Eng. 2013;52(3):287–294. 27. Sujaritjun W, Uawongsuwan P, Pivsa-Art W, Hamada H. Mechanical property of surface modified natural fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites. Energy Procedia. 2013;34:664–672. 28. Kumar SS, Duraibabu DA, Subramanian K. Studies on mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of untreated (raw) and treated coconut sheath fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Mater Des. 2014;59:63–69. 29. Capela C, Oliveira SE, Pestana J, Ferreira JA. Effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of high dosage carbon reinforced. PSI. 2017;5:539–546. 30. Ma'ali R, Sawalha S, Surkhi O, Hamarsheh A, Yacoub S, Helou S. Improvement of tensile properties of recycled low-density polyethylene by incorporation of calcium carbonate particles. IJEMR. 2018;8(3):195–200. 31. Hari Sankar P, Hemacahndra Reddy K, Mohana Reddy YV, Ashok Kumar M, Ramesh A. The effect of fiber length on tensile properties of polyester resin composites reinforced by the fibers of Sansevieria trifasciata. Int Lett Nat Sci. 2014;3. 32. Tharazi I, Sulong AB, Muhamad N, Haron CH, Tholibon D, Ismail NF, Radzi MK, Razak Z. Optimization of hot press parameters on tensile strength for unidirectional long kenaf fiber reinforced polylactic-acid composite. Procedia Eng. 2017;184:478–485. 33. KF AD, Che ZJ, Xian GJ. Grafting of nano-silica onto ramie fiber for enhanced mechanical and interfacial properties of ramie/epoxy composite. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A. 2019;20(9):660–674.