Walnut Shells’ Potential Use as Biofillers in Natural Rubber Composites

Volume: 10 | Issue: 02 | Year 2024 | Subscription
International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering
Received Date: 11/03/2024
Acceptance Date: 11/05/2024
Published On: 2024-12-05
First Page: 1
Last Page: 5

Journal Menu

By: Neha Sahu

1Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, Hariyana, India.

Abstract

The study assessed the potential of walnut shells as a filler in natural rubber composites. Walnut shells were finely ground, sieved through a 75 μm mesh, and incorporated into natural rubber at different filler loadings: unfilled, 20 parts per hundred rubber (phr), 30 phr, 40 phr, and 50 phr. The physicochemical properties of the walnut shell powder were analyzed, yielding results of 5.30 for pH, 10.10% for moisture content, 2.50% for ash content, 43.70% for loss on ignition, and an iodine adsorption number of 49.70 mg/g. In comparison, carbon black exhibited a pH of 6.30, moisture content of 2.89%, ash content of 6.35%, loss on ignition of 92.90%, and an iodine adsorption number of 79.88 mg/g. The performance of the composites was evaluated based on tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and compression set. The findings indicated that the walnut shell-filled composites demonstrated significant reinforcement, particularly at filler loadings of 30–40 phr. However, at higher levels, the walnut shell acted primarily as a diluent rather than a reinforcing agent. Overall, walnut shells were categorized as semi-reinforcing fillers, exhibiting an iodine absorption number of 49.70 mg/g, which is approximately half that of carbon black. This suggests that while walnut shells can enhance certain properties of natural rubber composites, their reinforcing effectiveness diminishes beyond a certain filler loading

Loading

Citation:

How to cite this article: Neha Sahu, Walnut Shells’ Potential Use as Biofillers in Natural Rubber Composites. International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering. 2024; 10(02): 1-5p.

How to cite this URL: Neha Sahu, Walnut Shells’ Potential Use as Biofillers in Natural Rubber Composites. International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering. 2024; 10(02): 1-5p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/ijpse/article=14681

Refrences:

  1. Ayo MD, Madufor IC, Ekebafe LO, Chukwu MN. Effect of carbonization temperature on the mechanical and swollen behavior of natural rubber filled groundnut shell. J Mater Sci. 2010;41(3):553–542.
  2. Imanah JE, Okiemen FE. Studies in the mechanical properties of natural rubber with agricultural by products. JCSN. 2004;317–322.
  3. Ekebafe LO, Ayo MD, Eguare KO, Ugbesia SO. Effect of chemical modification of powdered rubber seed shell as filler on the tensile properties of natural rubber compounds. J Polym Sci Technol. 2010;37(2):1113–1119.
  4. Asore JE. Introduction to Rubber Technology. Benin City: Joseg Books Publisher; 2000. 20–25.
  5. Dhillon INS. Fruit Production in India. Delhi: Narendra Publications House; 2013.
  6. Ishak ZAM, Baker AA. Natural rubber blends and properties. Euro Polym J. 1995;31(3):259–269.
  7. Sowińska-Baranowska A, Maciejewska M, Duda P. The potential application of starch and walnut shells as biofillers for natural rubber (NR) composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(14):7968.
  8. Chundawat NS, Parmar BS, Perumal P, Jadoun S, Vaidya D, Chauhan NP. Effect of walnut-shell filler as sustainable material with silane to replace carbon black in natural rubber-based tire tread compound. J Rubber Res. 2023;26(5):425–439.
  9. Sowińska-Baranowska A, Maciejewska M. Potential utilization of ground eggshells as a biofiller for natural rubber biocomposites. Mater. 2023;16(8):2988.

 Previous Article
Next Article