Conventional land record management systems have long suffered from issues, such as inefficiency, data manipulation, corruption, and lack of transparency, which collectively hinder effective governance and erode public trust. This paper introduces a blockchain-based framework aimed at revolutionizing land record management by ensuring enhanced transparency, data security, and operational efficiency. The proposed system leverages the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology to eliminate the need for intermediaries, thereby minimizing human intervention and potential corruption. Smart contracts are employed to automate critical processes such as land registration, ownership transfers, leasing, and mortgaging, ensuring accuracy, faster transactions, and reduced administrative costs. In addition, the framework addresses essential challenges related to data privacy, scalability, interoperability, and legal compliance, which are crucial for real-world implementation. A comparative evaluation with traditional and semi-digital systems demonstrates the superior reliability and traceability of blockchain-based solutions. Overall, this study emphasizes the transformative role of blockchain technology in creating a more transparent, tamper-proof, and citizen-centric approach to land governance and record management.

Blockchain technology, land record management, land leasing and mortgaging, property rights, decentralized governance, land registration, data security, smart contracts

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1. Racetin I, Kilić Pamuković J, Zrinjski M, Peko M. Blockchain-based land management for sustainable development. Sustainability. 2022;14(17):10649.
2. Ho S, Choudhury PR, Haran N, Leshinsky R. Decentralization as a strategy to scale fit-for-purpose land administration: An Indian perspective on institutional challenges. Land. 2021;10(2):199.
3. Thakur V, Doja MN, Dwivedi YK, Ahmad T, Khadanga G. Land records on blockchain for implementation of land titling in India. Int J Inf Manag. 2020;52:101940.
4. Sidharthan R, Balasaraswathi VR. Secured land registration using Ethereum blockchain and IPFS. In: 2024 3rd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC). IEEE; 2024 Jun 5. p. 1449–54.
5. Soner S, Litoriya R, Pandey P. Exploring blockchain and smart contract technology for reliable and secure land registration and record management. Wireless Pers Commun. 2021;121(4):2495–509.
6. Alam KM, Rahman JA, Tasnim A, Akther A. A blockchain-based land title management system for Bangladesh. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. 2022;34(6):3096–110.
7. Shuaib M, Daud SM, Alam S, Khan WZ. Blockchain-based framework for secure and reliable land registry system. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput Electron Control. 2020;18(5):2560–71.
8. Shuaib M, Alam S, Ahmed R, Qamar S, Nasir MS, Alam MS. Current status, requirements, and challenges of blockchain application in land registry. Int J Inf Retr Res. 2022;12(2):1–20.
9. Musinguzi M, Enemark S, Kabanda N, Antonio D, Mwesigye SP. Providing secure tenure for all: A country implementation strategy for fit-for-purpose land administration: The case of Uganda. Afr J Land Policy Geospatial Sci. 2020;3(1):213–25.

Conventional land record management systems have long suffered from issues, such as inefficiency, data manipulation, corruption, and lack of transparency, which collectively hinder effective governance and erode public trust. This paper introduces a blockchain-based framework aimed at revolutionizing land record management by ensuring enhanced transparency, data security, and operational efficiency. The proposed system leverages the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology to eliminate the need for intermediaries, thereby minimizing human intervention and potential corruption. Smart contracts are employed to automate critical processes such as land registration, ownership transfers, leasing, and mortgaging, ensuring accuracy, faster transactions, and reduced administrative costs. In addition, the framework addresses essential challenges related to data privacy, scalability, interoperability, and legal compliance, which are crucial for real-world implementation. A comparative evaluation with traditional and semi-digital systems demonstrates the superior reliability and traceability of blockchain-based solutions. Overall, this study emphasizes the transformative role of blockchain technology in creating a more transparent, tamper-proof, and citizen-centric approach to land governance and record management.

Blockchain technology, land record management, land leasing and mortgaging, property rights, decentralized governance, land registration, data security, smart contracts

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Racetin I, Kilić Pamuković J, Zrinjski M, Peko M. Blockchain-based land management for sustainable development. Sustainability. 2022;14(17):10649.
2. Ho S, Choudhury PR, Haran N, Leshinsky R. Decentralization as a strategy to scale fit-for-purpose land administration: An Indian perspective on institutional challenges. Land. 2021;10(2):199.
3. Thakur V, Doja MN, Dwivedi YK, Ahmad T, Khadanga G. Land records on blockchain for implementation of land titling in India. Int J Inf Manag. 2020;52:101940.
4. Sidharthan R, Balasaraswathi VR. Secured land registration using Ethereum blockchain and IPFS. In: 2024 3rd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC). IEEE; 2024 Jun 5. p. 1449–54.
5. Soner S, Litoriya R, Pandey P. Exploring blockchain and smart contract technology for reliable and secure land registration and record management. Wireless Pers Commun. 2021;121(4):2495–509.
6. Alam KM, Rahman JA, Tasnim A, Akther A. A blockchain-based land title management system for Bangladesh. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. 2022;34(6):3096–110.
7. Shuaib M, Daud SM, Alam S, Khan WZ. Blockchain-based framework for secure and reliable land registry system. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput Electron Control. 2020;18(5):2560–71.
8. Shuaib M, Alam S, Ahmed R, Qamar S, Nasir MS, Alam MS. Current status, requirements, and challenges of blockchain application in land registry. Int J Inf Retr Res. 2022;12(2):1–20.
9. Musinguzi M, Enemark S, Kabanda N, Antonio D, Mwesigye SP. Providing secure tenure for all: A country implementation strategy for fit-for-purpose land administration: The case of Uganda. Afr J Land Policy Geospatial Sci. 2020;3(1):213–25.