Reinforced concrete (RC) beams are among the most commonly used structural elements in civil engineering
structures. However, the long-term durability of conventional steel reinforcement is often affected by
corrosion when exposed to aggressive environmental conditions, which can significantly reduce the service
life and structural performance of concrete members. In recent years, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP) bars have emerged as a promising alternative reinforcement material due to their high tensile
strength, light weight, and excellent resistance to corrosion. The present study focuses on an experimental
investigation of the shear and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with hybrid steel–
GFRP bars. In this research, several RC beam specimens with identical geometric dimensions are cast using
standard concrete mix proportions. The specimens include conventionally reinforced steel beams as well as
hybrid reinforced beams containing both steel and GFRP bars. After proper curing, the beams are tested under
controlled loading conditions to evaluate their structural performance. Key parameters such as first crack
load, ultimate load-carrying capacity, load–deflection response, stiffness characteristics, crack width
development, crack propagation patterns, and failure modes are carefully monitored and analyzed. The
experimental results are presented through graphical relationships such as load–deflection curves and crack
behavior patterns to facilitate comparison between conventional steel-reinforced beams and hybrid reinforced
beams. The findings of this study provide important insights into the structural behavior of hybrid steel–
GFRP reinforced concrete beams and highlight their potential for enhancing durability. The experimental
results may support the development of improved design strategies and encourage the adoption of hybrid
reinforcement systems for sustainable and corrosion-resistant infrastructure applications in modern
infrastructure systems.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) beams are among the most commonly used structural elements in civil engineering
structures. However, the long-term durability of conventional steel reinforcement is often affected by
corrosion when exposed to aggressive environmental conditions, which can significantly reduce the service
life and structural performance of concrete members. In recent years, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP) bars have emerged as a promising alternative reinforcement material due to their high tensile
strength, light weight, and excellent resistance to corrosion. The present study focuses on an experimental
investigation of the shear and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with hybrid steel–
GFRP bars. In this research, several RC beam specimens with identical geometric dimensions are cast using
standard concrete mix proportions. The specimens include conventionally reinforced steel beams as well as
hybrid reinforced beams containing both steel and GFRP bars. After proper curing, the beams are tested under
controlled loading conditions to evaluate their structural performance. Key parameters such as first crack
load, ultimate load-carrying capacity, load–deflection response, stiffness characteristics, crack width
development, crack propagation patterns, and failure modes are carefully monitored and analyzed. The
experimental results are presented through graphical relationships such as load–deflection curves and crack
behavior patterns to facilitate comparison between conventional steel-reinforced beams and hybrid reinforced
beams. The findings of this study provide important insights into the structural behavior of hybrid steel–
GFRP reinforced concrete beams and highlight their potential for enhancing durability. The experimental
results may support the development of improved design strategies and encourage the adoption of hybrid
reinforcement systems for sustainable and corrosion-resistant infrastructure applications in modern
infrastructure systems.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.