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1. J Wilson, N Lam, K Rodsin et al., Collapse modelling of soft-storey buildings. Australian Journal of Structural Engineering. 2009;10(1):1-13.
2. OPTUM CS. Concrete Building Design Software Overview. OPTUM CE website; 2026.
3. Collapse Behaviour Assessment of Precast Soft-Storey Building. Research on collapse mechanism of precast soft-storey buildings (Melbourne field testing); 2012: 1–12.
4. Onet et al. Assessment of the combined in-plane and out of plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading; Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics: 2015: 1–15.
5. Hulagabali A, Solanki CH, Dodagoudar GR, Anitha, et al. Finite Element Analysis of Segmental Precast Concrete Panel Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering. 2023;17(4): 583–596.
6. Agrawal A, Tamsen E, Koutsourelakis PS, Unger JF. From concrete mixture to structural design a holistic optimization procedure in the presence of uncertainties. arXiv. 2023: 1–25.
7. Negrín IA, Roose D, Chagoyen EL, Lombaert G. Biogeography-Based Optimization of RC structures including static soil-structure interaction. arXiv. 2021: 1–18.
8. Fib bulletin 43. Structural connections for precast concrete buildings. Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib); 2008: 1–370.
9. Johansen KW. Yield-line theory. Cement and Concrete Association; 1962: 1–181.
10. Nielsen MP, Hoang LC. Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity. Taylor & Francis; 2010: 1–816.
11. Muttoni A, Schwartz J, Thürlimann B. Design of Concrete Structures with Stress Fields. Springer; 1997. p. 1–143.
12. Anderheggen E, Knöpfel H. Finite element limit analysis using linear programming. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1972;8(12):1413–1431.
13. Nesterov Y, Nemirovsky A. A general approach to polynomial time algorithms design for convex programming. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow; 1988. p. 1–120.
14. Nesterov YE, Todd MJ. Self-scaled barriers and interior-point methods for convex programming. Mathematics of Operations Research. 1997;22(1):1–42
15. Andersen ED, Roos C, Terlaky T. On implementing a primal-dual interior-point method for conic quadratic optimization. Mathematical Programming. 2003;95(2):249–277.
16. Makrodimopoulos A, Martin C. Lower bound limit analysis of cohesive-frictional materials using second-order cone programming. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 2006;66(4):604–634.
17. Krabbenhoft K, Lyamin A, Sloan S. Formulation and solution of some plasticity problems as conic programs. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2007;44(5):1533–1549
18. Bisbos C, Pardalos P. Second-order cone and semidefinite representations of material failure criteria. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 2007;134(2):275–301.
19. Herfelt MA, Poulsen PN, Hoang LC. Numerical limit analysis of keyed shear joints in concrete structures. Structural Concrete. 2016;17(3):481–490.
20. Herfelt MA, Poulsen PN, Hoang LC. Lower bound equilibrium element and sub-model for shear joints in precast concrete structures. Engineering Structures. 2017;135:1–9.
21. Sloan SW. Lower Bound Limit Analysis Using Finite Elements and Linear Programming. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1988;12(1):61–77.
22. Sloan SW. Upper Bound Limit Analysis Using Finite Elements and Linear Programming. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1989;13(3):263–282.
23. Poulsen PN, Damkilde L. Limit State Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Plates Subjected to In-plane Forces. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2000;37(42):6011–6029.
24. Herfelt MA. Numerical Limit Analysis of Precast Concrete Structures [PhD thesis]. Technical University of Denmark; 2017: 1–190.
25. Teodosio B, Baduge K, Mendis P. Design of prefabricated footing connection using a coupled hydro-mechanical finite element model. Structural Concrete. 2021;23(4):2669–2695.
26. Tani M, Sato Y, Sun L, Wang W. Analytical study on residential r/c building with soft first story damaged in the 2016 kumamoto earthquake using FEM. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. 2019;25(60):671–676.
27. Yazdi H, Moffatt P, Li B, Hasemi A. Multi-axis testing of concrete-filled steel tube columns forming ductile soft-story in multi-story buildings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2021;183:1-18.
28. Hareen C, Mohan S. Evaluation of seismic torsional response of ductile RC buildings with soft first story. Structures. 2021;29:1640-1654.
29. Kuai L, Sigurdur Ormarsson, Rajan Maharjan, Jarnerö K. A numerical and experimental investigation of non-linear deformation behaviours in light-frame timber walls. Engineering Structures. 2022;252:1-17.
30. Navaratnam S, Ngo T, Gunawardena T, Henderson D. Performance Review of Prefabricated Building Systems and Future Research in Australia. Buildings. 2019;9(2):1-14.
31. Bosio M, Riva P, Belleri A. Seismic Risk and Finite Element Modelling of an Existing One-Storey Precast Industrial Building. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2023;27(14):4182–4205.
32. Xu Q, Zhang L, Liu Y. FEM-based real-time task planning for robotic construction simulation. Automation in Construction. 2025;170:1-13.
33. Labrecque N, Blanchet P, Ducharme-Rivard A. Finite Element Study of Hyperstructure Systems with Modular Light-Frame Construction in High-Rise Buildings. Buildings. 2022;12(3):3-30.
34. Hamouda M, Yee E. Optimizing Finite Element Meshes for Structural Analysis: The Role of GiD Pre-Processing in Multi-Story Building Models. Key Engineering Materials. 2025;1011:91-97.
35. Guan Y, Zhou XH, Yao X, Shi Y. Seismic performance of prefabricated sheathed cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2019;167:1-17.
36. Ormarsson S, Johansson M. Finite element simulation of global structural behaviour of multifamily timber buildings using prefabricated volume modules. World Conference on Timber Engineering; 2018:1–8.
37. Yin H, Shi G. Finite element analysis on the seismic behavior of fully prefabricated steel frames. Engineering Structures. 2018;173:38–51.
38. Abd-Alghany M, El-Kassas EM, Hussain S. Seismic response of multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings with soft floor. HBRC Journal. 2021;17(1):1-23.
39. Pesaralanka V, Challagulla SP, Vicencio F, Suresh P. Influence of a Soft Story on the Seismic Response of Non-Structural Components. Sustainable Assessment and Modelling in Seismic Risk Mitigation, 2023;15(4):1-27.
40. Yang J. The Structural Design Method of Prefabricated Buildings based on BIM Technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020;598(1):1-7.
41. Farazmand, F. Behnamfar, A. Aziminejad. Seismic response of structures on flexible base under foundation uplift augmented by vertical component of near-field ground motions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2025;191:1-17.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. J Wilson, N Lam, K Rodsin et al., Collapse modelling of soft-storey buildings. Australian Journal of Structural Engineering. 2009;10(1):1-13.
2. OPTUM CS. Concrete Building Design Software Overview. OPTUM CE website; 2026.
3. Collapse Behaviour Assessment of Precast Soft-Storey Building. Research on collapse mechanism of precast soft-storey buildings (Melbourne field testing); 2012: 1–12.
4. Onet et al. Assessment of the combined in-plane and out of plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading; Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics: 2015: 1–15.
5. Hulagabali A, Solanki CH, Dodagoudar GR, Anitha, et al. Finite Element Analysis of Segmental Precast Concrete Panel Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering. 2023;17(4): 583–596.
6. Agrawal A, Tamsen E, Koutsourelakis PS, Unger JF. From concrete mixture to structural design a holistic optimization procedure in the presence of uncertainties. arXiv. 2023: 1–25.
7. Negrín IA, Roose D, Chagoyen EL, Lombaert G. Biogeography-Based Optimization of RC structures including static soil-structure interaction. arXiv. 2021: 1–18.
8. Fib bulletin 43. Structural connections for precast concrete buildings. Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib); 2008: 1–370.
9. Johansen KW. Yield-line theory. Cement and Concrete Association; 1962: 1–181.
10. Nielsen MP, Hoang LC. Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity. Taylor & Francis; 2010: 1–816.
11. Muttoni A, Schwartz J, Thürlimann B. Design of Concrete Structures with Stress Fields. Springer; 1997. p. 1–143.
12. Anderheggen E, Knöpfel H. Finite element limit analysis using linear programming. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1972;8(12):1413–1431.
13. Nesterov Y, Nemirovsky A. A general approach to polynomial time algorithms design for convex programming. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow; 1988. p. 1–120.
14. Nesterov YE, Todd MJ. Self-scaled barriers and interior-point methods for convex programming. Mathematics of Operations Research. 1997;22(1):1–42
15. Andersen ED, Roos C, Terlaky T. On implementing a primal-dual interior-point method for conic quadratic optimization. Mathematical Programming. 2003;95(2):249–277.
16. Makrodimopoulos A, Martin C. Lower bound limit analysis of cohesive-frictional materials using second-order cone programming. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 2006;66(4):604–634.
17. Krabbenhoft K, Lyamin A, Sloan S. Formulation and solution of some plasticity problems as conic programs. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2007;44(5):1533–1549
18. Bisbos C, Pardalos P. Second-order cone and semidefinite representations of material failure criteria. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 2007;134(2):275–301.
19. Herfelt MA, Poulsen PN, Hoang LC. Numerical limit analysis of keyed shear joints in concrete structures. Structural Concrete. 2016;17(3):481–490.
20. Herfelt MA, Poulsen PN, Hoang LC. Lower bound equilibrium element and sub-model for shear joints in precast concrete structures. Engineering Structures. 2017;135:1–9.
21. Sloan SW. Lower Bound Limit Analysis Using Finite Elements and Linear Programming. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1988;12(1):61–77.
22. Sloan SW. Upper Bound Limit Analysis Using Finite Elements and Linear Programming. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1989;13(3):263–282.
23. Poulsen PN, Damkilde L. Limit State Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Plates Subjected to In-plane Forces. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2000;37(42):6011–6029.
24. Herfelt MA. Numerical Limit Analysis of Precast Concrete Structures [PhD thesis]. Technical University of Denmark; 2017: 1–190.
25. Teodosio B, Baduge K, Mendis P. Design of prefabricated footing connection using a coupled hydro-mechanical finite element model. Structural Concrete. 2021;23(4):2669–2695.
26. Tani M, Sato Y, Sun L, Wang W. Analytical study on residential r/c building with soft first story damaged in the 2016 kumamoto earthquake using FEM. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. 2019;25(60):671–676.
27. Yazdi H, Moffatt P, Li B, Hasemi A. Multi-axis testing of concrete-filled steel tube columns forming ductile soft-story in multi-story buildings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2021;183:1-18.
28. Hareen C, Mohan S. Evaluation of seismic torsional response of ductile RC buildings with soft first story. Structures. 2021;29:1640-1654.
29. Kuai L, Sigurdur Ormarsson, Rajan Maharjan, Jarnerö K. A numerical and experimental investigation of non-linear deformation behaviours in light-frame timber walls. Engineering Structures. 2022;252:1-17.
30. Navaratnam S, Ngo T, Gunawardena T, Henderson D. Performance Review of Prefabricated Building Systems and Future Research in Australia. Buildings. 2019;9(2):1-14.
31. Bosio M, Riva P, Belleri A. Seismic Risk and Finite Element Modelling of an Existing One-Storey Precast Industrial Building. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2023;27(14):4182–4205.
32. Xu Q, Zhang L, Liu Y. FEM-based real-time task planning for robotic construction simulation. Automation in Construction. 2025;170:1-13.
33. Labrecque N, Blanchet P, Ducharme-Rivard A. Finite Element Study of Hyperstructure Systems with Modular Light-Frame Construction in High-Rise Buildings. Buildings. 2022;12(3):3-30.
34. Hamouda M, Yee E. Optimizing Finite Element Meshes for Structural Analysis: The Role of GiD Pre-Processing in Multi-Story Building Models. Key Engineering Materials. 2025;1011:91-97.
35. Guan Y, Zhou XH, Yao X, Shi Y. Seismic performance of prefabricated sheathed cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2019;167:1-17.
36. Ormarsson S, Johansson M. Finite element simulation of global structural behaviour of multifamily timber buildings using prefabricated volume modules. World Conference on Timber Engineering; 2018:1–8.
37. Yin H, Shi G. Finite element analysis on the seismic behavior of fully prefabricated steel frames. Engineering Structures. 2018;173:38–51.
38. Abd-Alghany M, El-Kassas EM, Hussain S. Seismic response of multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings with soft floor. HBRC Journal. 2021;17(1):1-23.
39. Pesaralanka V, Challagulla SP, Vicencio F, Suresh P. Influence of a Soft Story on the Seismic Response of Non-Structural Components. Sustainable Assessment and Modelling in Seismic Risk Mitigation, 2023;15(4):1-27.
40. Yang J. The Structural Design Method of Prefabricated Buildings based on BIM Technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020;598(1):1-7.
41. Farazmand, F. Behnamfar, A. Aziminejad. Seismic response of structures on flexible base under foundation uplift augmented by vertical component of near-field ground motions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2025;191:1-17.