Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon
Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Obinuchi Wali | International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 27-45 | ISSN: 2456-6977
Abstract
Studies on the heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon were monitored by the application of MATLAB computed software simulation. Mathematical models were developed in terms of substrate utilization by microbes and correlated with the Monod’s equation model which revealed the trend of heat generated at different operating temperature of 15°C, 30°C, 45°C, 60°C, 75°C, 90°C, 105°C and 120°C. The heat generated varies with increase in the microbial concentration as favored by the growth rate in relationship the microorganisms as in the area of mesophilic, thermophilic and super thermophilic. The heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon was observed to have been influenced by the operating temperature of the bioreactor set-up. Research demonstrates that low operating temperatures of 15°C and 30°C the role of bacteria and fungi was significant in terms of heat generated and at operating temperature of above 30oC the contribution of temperature influences the heat generated in an aerated lagoon. The degradation of the crude oil in this case is not only based on the biodegradation rather than both thermal degradation as well as biodegradation process occurred simultaneously. The increase in the operating temperature inhibits the active site of the mesophilic organisms at temperature above 45°C, at temperature of above 75°C the thermophilic organisms were also inhibited as well as at temperature of 120°C the organisms identified as super thermophilic was inhibited showing control of heat generated being influenced by the operating temperature of the system.
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1. Coulon F, McKew BA, Osborn AM, McGenity TJ, Timmis KN. Effects of temperature and biostimulation on oil-degrading microbial communities in temperate estuarine water. Environ Microbiol. 2007;9(1):177–186. 2. Adamaszewska M, Siepak J, Gramowska H. Studies of level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils subjected to anthropo-pressure in the city of Poznan. Pol J Environ Stud. 2000;4:305. 3. Ukpaka CP. Effect of pH in biodegradation of crude oil upon the application of moringa extract bioreactor. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):43–70. 4. Abbott BJ, Clamen A. The relationship of substrate growth and maintenance to single protein production. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1973;15(2):117. 5. Baker JM. Ecological effectiveness of oil spill countermeasures: How clean is clean? Pure Appl Chem. 1999;71(1):135–151. 6. Ukpaka CP. Development of model for bioremediation of crude oil using moringa extract. Chem Int. 2016;2(1):19–28. 7. Delille D, Pelletier E, Rodriguez-Blanco A, Ghiglione JF. Effects of nutrient and temperature on degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in sub-Antarctic coastal seawater. Polar Biol. 2009;32 (10):1521–1528. 8. Ukpaka CP. The concept of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand in inhibiting crude oil degradation in fresh water pond system. Merit Res J Environ Sci Toxicol. 2013;1(7):136–146. 9. Balaji V, Arulazhagam P, Ebenezer P. Enzymatic bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon by fungal consortia enriched from petroleum-contaminated soil and oil seeds. J Environ Biol. 2014;35(3):521. 10. Deppe U, Richnow HH, Michaelis W, Antranikian G. Degradation of crude oil by an arctic microbial consortium. Extremophiles. 2005;9(6):461–470. 11. Ukpaka CP. Studying the depuration time on changes in biomarkers profile on Nigeria crude oil. Appl Sci Rep. 2016;13(2):69–74. 12. Ukpaka CP. Investigation into the effect of momentum transfer on de-oxygenation of wastewater treatment in pond system for wet seas. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):85–106. 13. Aksu Z, Gönen F. Biosorption of phenol by immobilized activated sludge in a continuous packed bed: Prediction of breakthrough curves. Process Biochem. 2004;39(5):599–613. 14. Ukpaka CP. The effect of functional parameters on microbial characteristics in crude oil degradation. J Res Environ Sci Technol. 2012;1(4):66–90.
How to cite this article
APA
Peter, U. C., Ukpaka, V. C., Ukpaka, J. C. P., Ukpaka, A. P., & Wali, O. (2026). Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, 12(01), 27-45.
MLA
Peter, Ukpaka Chukwuemeka, et al. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 27-45.
Chicago
Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, and Obinuchi Wali. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics 12, no. 01 (2026): 27-45.
Vancouver
Peter UC, Ukpaka VC, Ukpaka JCP, Ukpaka AP, Wali O. Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics. 2026;12(01):27-45.
BibTeX
@article{PeterUC2026,
author = {Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter and Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka and Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka and Abraham Peter Ukpaka and Obinuchi Wali},
title = {Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon},
journal = {International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {27--45},
issn = {2456-6977},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijtck/article=27379}
}
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Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Obinuchi Wali | International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 27-45 | ISSN: 2456-6977
Abstract
Studies on the heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon were monitored by the application of MATLAB computed software simulation. Mathematical models were developed in terms of substrate utilization by microbes and correlated with the Monod’s equation model which revealed the trend of heat generated at different operating temperature of 15°C, 30°C, 45°C, 60°C, 75°C, 90°C, 105°C and 120°C. The heat generated varies with increase in the microbial concentration as favored by the growth rate in relationship the microorganisms as in the area of mesophilic, thermophilic and super thermophilic. The heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon was observed to have been influenced by the operating temperature of the bioreactor set-up. Research demonstrates that low operating temperatures of 15°C and 30°C the role of bacteria and fungi was significant in terms of heat generated and at operating temperature of above 30oC the contribution of temperature influences the heat generated in an aerated lagoon. The degradation of the crude oil in this case is not only based on the biodegradation rather than both thermal degradation as well as biodegradation process occurred simultaneously. The increase in the operating temperature inhibits the active site of the mesophilic organisms at temperature above 45°C, at temperature of above 75°C the thermophilic organisms were also inhibited as well as at temperature of 120°C the organisms identified as super thermophilic was inhibited showing control of heat generated being influenced by the operating temperature of the system.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Coulon F, McKew BA, Osborn AM, McGenity TJ, Timmis KN. Effects of temperature and biostimulation on oil-degrading microbial communities in temperate estuarine water. Environ Microbiol. 2007;9(1):177–186. 2. Adamaszewska M, Siepak J, Gramowska H. Studies of level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils subjected to anthropo-pressure in the city of Poznan. Pol J Environ Stud. 2000;4:305. 3. Ukpaka CP. Effect of pH in biodegradation of crude oil upon the application of moringa extract bioreactor. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):43–70. 4. Abbott BJ, Clamen A. The relationship of substrate growth and maintenance to single protein production. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1973;15(2):117. 5. Baker JM. Ecological effectiveness of oil spill countermeasures: How clean is clean? Pure Appl Chem. 1999;71(1):135–151. 6. Ukpaka CP. Development of model for bioremediation of crude oil using moringa extract. Chem Int. 2016;2(1):19–28. 7. Delille D, Pelletier E, Rodriguez-Blanco A, Ghiglione JF. Effects of nutrient and temperature on degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in sub-Antarctic coastal seawater. Polar Biol. 2009;32 (10):1521–1528. 8. Ukpaka CP. The concept of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand in inhibiting crude oil degradation in fresh water pond system. Merit Res J Environ Sci Toxicol. 2013;1(7):136–146. 9. Balaji V, Arulazhagam P, Ebenezer P. Enzymatic bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon by fungal consortia enriched from petroleum-contaminated soil and oil seeds. J Environ Biol. 2014;35(3):521. 10. Deppe U, Richnow HH, Michaelis W, Antranikian G. Degradation of crude oil by an arctic microbial consortium. Extremophiles. 2005;9(6):461–470. 11. Ukpaka CP. Studying the depuration time on changes in biomarkers profile on Nigeria crude oil. Appl Sci Rep. 2016;13(2):69–74. 12. Ukpaka CP. Investigation into the effect of momentum transfer on de-oxygenation of wastewater treatment in pond system for wet seas. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):85–106. 13. Aksu Z, Gönen F. Biosorption of phenol by immobilized activated sludge in a continuous packed bed: Prediction of breakthrough curves. Process Biochem. 2004;39(5):599–613. 14. Ukpaka CP. The effect of functional parameters on microbial characteristics in crude oil degradation. J Res Environ Sci Technol. 2012;1(4):66–90.
How to cite this article
APA
Peter, U. C., Ukpaka, V. C., Ukpaka, J. C. P., Ukpaka, A. P., & Wali, O. (2026). Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, 12(01), 27-45.
MLA
Peter, Ukpaka Chukwuemeka, et al. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 27-45.
Chicago
Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, and Obinuchi Wali. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics 12, no. 01 (2026): 27-45.
Vancouver
Peter UC, Ukpaka VC, Ukpaka JCP, Ukpaka AP, Wali O. Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics. 2026;12(01):27-45.
BibTeX
@article{PeterUC2026,
author = {Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter and Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka and Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka and Abraham Peter Ukpaka and Obinuchi Wali},
title = {Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon},
journal = {International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {27--45},
issn = {2456-6977},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijtck/article=27379}
}
Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Obinuchi Wali | International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 27-45 | ISSN: 2456-6977
Abstract
Studies on the heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon were monitored by the application of MATLAB computed software simulation. Mathematical models were developed in terms of substrate utilization by microbes and correlated with the Monod’s equation model which revealed the trend of heat generated at different operating temperature of 15°C, 30°C, 45°C, 60°C, 75°C, 90°C, 105°C and 120°C. The heat generated varies with increase in the microbial concentration as favored by the growth rate in relationship the microorganisms as in the area of mesophilic, thermophilic and super thermophilic. The heat generated by bacteria and fungi in an aerated lagoon was observed to have been influenced by the operating temperature of the bioreactor set-up. Research demonstrates that low operating temperatures of 15°C and 30°C the role of bacteria and fungi was significant in terms of heat generated and at operating temperature of above 30oC the contribution of temperature influences the heat generated in an aerated lagoon. The degradation of the crude oil in this case is not only based on the biodegradation rather than both thermal degradation as well as biodegradation process occurred simultaneously. The increase in the operating temperature inhibits the active site of the mesophilic organisms at temperature above 45°C, at temperature of above 75°C the thermophilic organisms were also inhibited as well as at temperature of 120°C the organisms identified as super thermophilic was inhibited showing control of heat generated being influenced by the operating temperature of the system.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Coulon F, McKew BA, Osborn AM, McGenity TJ, Timmis KN. Effects of temperature and biostimulation on oil-degrading microbial communities in temperate estuarine water. Environ Microbiol. 2007;9(1):177–186. 2. Adamaszewska M, Siepak J, Gramowska H. Studies of level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils subjected to anthropo-pressure in the city of Poznan. Pol J Environ Stud. 2000;4:305. 3. Ukpaka CP. Effect of pH in biodegradation of crude oil upon the application of moringa extract bioreactor. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):43–70. 4. Abbott BJ, Clamen A. The relationship of substrate growth and maintenance to single protein production. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1973;15(2):117. 5. Baker JM. Ecological effectiveness of oil spill countermeasures: How clean is clean? Pure Appl Chem. 1999;71(1):135–151. 6. Ukpaka CP. Development of model for bioremediation of crude oil using moringa extract. Chem Int. 2016;2(1):19–28. 7. Delille D, Pelletier E, Rodriguez-Blanco A, Ghiglione JF. Effects of nutrient and temperature on degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in sub-Antarctic coastal seawater. Polar Biol. 2009;32 (10):1521–1528. 8. Ukpaka CP. The concept of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand in inhibiting crude oil degradation in fresh water pond system. Merit Res J Environ Sci Toxicol. 2013;1(7):136–146. 9. Balaji V, Arulazhagam P, Ebenezer P. Enzymatic bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon by fungal consortia enriched from petroleum-contaminated soil and oil seeds. J Environ Biol. 2014;35(3):521. 10. Deppe U, Richnow HH, Michaelis W, Antranikian G. Degradation of crude oil by an arctic microbial consortium. Extremophiles. 2005;9(6):461–470. 11. Ukpaka CP. Studying the depuration time on changes in biomarkers profile on Nigeria crude oil. Appl Sci Rep. 2016;13(2):69–74. 12. Ukpaka CP. Investigation into the effect of momentum transfer on de-oxygenation of wastewater treatment in pond system for wet seas. Int J Novel Res Eng Pharm Sci. 2015;2(4):85–106. 13. Aksu Z, Gönen F. Biosorption of phenol by immobilized activated sludge in a continuous packed bed: Prediction of breakthrough curves. Process Biochem. 2004;39(5):599–613. 14. Ukpaka CP. The effect of functional parameters on microbial characteristics in crude oil degradation. J Res Environ Sci Technol. 2012;1(4):66–90.
How to cite this article
APA
Peter, U. C., Ukpaka, V. C., Ukpaka, J. C. P., Ukpaka, A. P., & Wali, O. (2026). Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, 12(01), 27-45.
MLA
Peter, Ukpaka Chukwuemeka, et al. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 27-45.
Chicago
Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka, and Obinuchi Wali. “Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon.” International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics 12, no. 01 (2026): 27-45.
Vancouver
Peter UC, Ukpaka VC, Ukpaka JCP, Ukpaka AP, Wali O. Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon. International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics. 2026;12(01):27-45.
BibTeX
@article{PeterUC2026,
author = {Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter and Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka and Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka and Abraham Peter Ukpaka and Obinuchi Wali},
title = {Heat Generated Simulation with Bacteria and Fungi inCrude Oil Remediation in an Aerated Lagoon},
journal = {International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {27--45},
issn = {2456-6977},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijtck/article=27379}
}
