International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics
Temperature-Dependent Acoustic and Thermodynamic Investigation of Molecular Interactions in the 1-Propanol–n-Hexane Binary Mixture
1. Assitant Professor, Department of Chemistry, A. N. College, Warora, Maharashtra, India
2. Professor, Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
3. Professor, Department of Chemistry, A.N. College, Warora, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study investigates the molecular interactions and thermophysical behavior of the binary mixture comprising 1-propanol and n-hexane over the temperature range of 288.15–318.15K. The experimental determination of density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic velocity (u) was carried out over the entire composition range, and the measured data were utilized to evaluate several acoustical and thermodynamic parameters, including the Van der Waals constant, relaxation strength, acoustic impedance, Rao’s constant, Wada’s constant, classical absorption, available volume, enthalpy, entropy, and internal latent heat of vaporization. The variation of these parameters with composition and temperature was analyzed to elucidate the nature of intermolecular interactions, molecular packing, and structural organization in the binary system. The results reveal that increasing the concentration of n-hexane weakens the hydrogen-bonded network of 1-propanol, leading to a reduction in the overall cohesive interactions within the mixture. This behavior is reflected by the decrease in acoustic impedance, classical absorption, enthalpy, entropy, and internal latent heat of vaporization, together with an increase in relaxation strength. The increase in Rao’s and Wada’s constants, accompanied by the decrease in available volume, indicates improved molecular packing and enhanced structural compactness despite the weakening of attractive intermolecular forces. Increasing temperature further reduces molecular association and cohesive interactions, resulting in systematic changes in the evaluated acoustical and thermodynamic parameters. The observed composition- and temperature-dependent variations demonstrate that the physicochemical behavior of the 1-propanol–n-hexane system is governed by the combined effects of hydrogen-bond disruption, dispersion interactions, and molecular packing. The close agreement among the experimentally derived parameters confirms the suitability of ultrasonic techniques, coupled with density and viscosity measurements, for investigating intermolecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures. The experimental data generated in the present study are expected to contribute to the thermophysical property database of alcohol–alkane systems and to support the development of theoretical models and industrial applications involving such liquid mixtures.
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