The surge in urban infrastructure development has led to a significant rise in the number of private
vehicles, causing traffic congestion that adversely affects traffic flow and the overall quality of life for
city residents. Parking has emerged as a major problem in urban centers. This research paper proposes
an IoT-based smart car parking system designed to alleviate the current parking issues cost-effectively.
Previous solutions, such as automatic car parking systems, aimed to minimize the space required for
parking, particularly in densely populated areas with limited space, by utilizing multi-level car parks
that stack vehicles vertically to increase parking capacity. The proposed smart parking system utilizes
the latest advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and is structured into
four layers: Application, Middleware, Networking, and Sensor layers. This system is environmentally
friendly, reduces emissions during parking, and functions as a fully automated, computerized system
without the need for human intervention. The research compares traditional parking systems with IoT-based smart parking systems and presents a framework for implementing a smart parking solution. This system aims to improve the parking experience for users by saving time and effort, while providing
parking lot owners with a reliable and efficient management tool.

1. Bilodeau VP. Intelligent parking technology adoption. University of Southern Queensland. 2010. 2. Alsafery W, Alturki B, Reiff-Marganiec S, Jambi K. Smart car parking system solution for the Internet of Things in smart cities. In: 2018 1st International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS); 2018 Dec 17–19; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. IEEE; 2018:1–5. doi: 10.1109/CAIS.2018.8442004. 3. Anusha Arshitha MS, Anushri Bishtannavar G, Hegde MD. Review paper on Smart Parking System. Int J Eng Res Tech (IJERT). 2019. 4. Grodi R, Rawat DB, Rios-Gutierrez F. Smart parking-parking occupancy monitoring and visualization system for smart cities. Khanna A, Anand R. IoT based smart parking system. In: 2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA); 2016 Jan 22–24; Pune, India. IEEE; 2016:1–5. 5. Chinrungrueng J, Sunantachaikul U, Triamlumlerd S. Smart parking: An application of optical wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of Application and the Internet Workshops. 2007:66. 6. Fernandes EO. An initiative to help cities build sustainable, smart city mobility system: Fast Park System. In: 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems; 2008 Oct 5–8; Beijing, China. IEEE. 2008:362–366. 7. Vestri C, Bougnoux S, Bendahan R, Fintzel K, Wybo S, Abad F, et al. Evaluation of a vision-based parking assistance system. In: Proceedings of the 8th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems; 2005 Sep 13–15; Vienna, Austria. IEEE. 2005:131–135. 8. Samaras I, Evangeliou N, Arvanitopoulos A, Gialelis J, Koubias S, Tzes A. Kathodigos-A Novel Smart Parking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network. Intell Transp Syst. 2013;1:140–145. 9. Wenghong L, Fanghua X, Fasheng L. Design of inner intelligent car parking system. In: International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering; 2008 Dec 19–21; Taipei, Taiwan. IEEE. 2008:165–168. 10. Suresh M, Kumar PS, Sundararajan T. IoT based airport parking system. In: 2015 International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS); 2015 Mar 19–20; Coimbatore, India. IEEE. 2015:1–5. 11. Pham TN, Tsai MF, Nguyen DB, Dow CR, Deng DJ. A cloud-based smart-parking system based on Internet-of-Things technologies. IEEE Access. 2015;3:1581–1591. 12. Gannavaram VK, Bejgam R, Keshipeddi SB, Sunkari S, Aluvala VK. Conversion of sound energy into electrical energy in highly populated areas. In: 2021 6th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES); 2021 Jul 8–10; Coimbatore, India. IEEE. 2021:32–36. doi: 10.1109/ICCES51350.2021.9489219. 13. Gannavaram VK, Bejgam R. Brief study and review on the next revolutionary autonomous vehicle technology. In: 2021 International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE); 2021 Mar 11–12; Greater Noida, India. IEEE. 2021:34– 37. doi: 10.1109/ICACITE51222.2021.9404763. 14. Gannavaram VK, Bejgam R, Keshipeddi SB, Banda A, Bollu G. Study of automobile safety technology development using vehicular safety device (VSD). In: 2021 6th International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT); 2021 Jan 20--22; Coimbatore, India. IEEE. 2021:240–244. doi: 10.1109/ICICT50816.2021.9358670. 15. Gannavaram VK, Kandhikonda UM, Bejgam R, Keshipeddi SB, Sunkari S. A brief review on Internet of Things (IoT). In: 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI); 2021 Jan 27–29; Coimbatore, India. IEEE. 2021:1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICCCI50826.2021.9457009. 16. Gannavaram VK, Kandhikonda UM, Bejgam R, Keshipeddi SB, Sunkari S. A brief review on Internet of Things (IoT). In: 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI); 2021 Jan 27–29; Coimbatore, India. IEEE. 2021:1–6. doi: 10.1109 /ICCCI50826.2021.9451163. 17. Gannavaram VK, Reddy GR. IoT based electricity energy meter [Internet]. 2021 Jun 28. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3875420 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3875420. 18. Sunkari S, Elagandula S. A brief review on Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode (QDLED) Technology [Internet]. 2020 Sep 11. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3873910 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3873910. 19. Sunkari S, Elagandula S. Design and development on Voice Assistant Robotic Vehicle [Internet]. 2021 Jun 25. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3873914 or http://dx.doi.org /10.2139/ssrn.3873914. 20. Tummanapally SS, Sunkari S. Smart vehicle tracking system using GPS and GSM Technologies [Internet]. 2021 Jul 12. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3884903 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3884903. 21. Tummanapally SS, Sunkari S. Traffic data collection and analysis based on Wireless Sensor Network [Internet]. 2021 Jul 12. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3885102 or http:// dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3885102. 22. Alguri S. Design and development of RFID Door Locking using Arduino [Internet]. 2021 Jun 28. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3875239 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn. 38 7 5239.