Microbial Architects of Soil Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Improving Plant Nutrition, Biocontrol, and Phytohormone Production

Volume: 10 | Issue: 1 | Year 2024 | Subscription
International Journal of Plant Biotechnology
Received Date: 06/28/2024
Acceptance Date: 06/28/2024
Published On: 2024-06-29
First Page: 29
Last Page: 42

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By: Neelesh Kumar Maurya Maurya

Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

Abstract

The intricate relationship between plants and soil harbours a thriving community of microorganisms, unseen yet essential. Through numerous mechanisms, these microscopic marvels are essential to sustaining the health of the soil and encouraging robust plant growth. Microbes in the soil are essential for enhancing plant nutrition. Bacteria and fungi act as silent collaborators, facilitating the process of solubilizing and mobilising essential nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen within the soil. This readily available “buffet” of nutrients empowers plants to optimise their uptake and thrive. Furthermore, soil microbes are adept at synthesising a repertoire of vital enzymes. These enzymes act like biological catalysts, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and releasing the nutrients trapped within. Thus, they significantly enhance the process of nutrient cycling, resulting in a more efficient and sustainable system. Apart from controlling nutrients, soil microorganisms also function as organic growth accelerators for plants.. They synthesise a diverse array of phytohormones, including auxins and gibberellins, which play a central role in plant development. Auxins influence root elongation and cell division, while gibberellins promote stem growth and seed germination. This microbial production of phytohormones creates a favourable hormonal environment within the soil, leading to healthier and more productive plants. Perhaps most compelling is the role of soil microbes as biocontrol agents, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. These microscopic warriors employ various strategies to safeguard plants against detrimental pests and pathogens. Competition for resources effectively restricts pathogen growth, while antibiosis involves the production of natural antibiotics that directly target and eliminate harmful microbes. Additionally, soil microbes can induce systemic resistance within plants, strengthening their immune response and enabling them to better combat potential threats. It’s crucial to remember that these microbial allies’ effectiveness and activity are dynamic. Various factors, including soil pH, moisture content, temperature, and organic matter levels, significantly influence their abundance and functionality. Understanding this interplay is crucial for optimising soil management practices and maximising the benefits bestowed by soil microbes. By elucidating the critical roles of soil microbes and the factors influencing their activity, this review underscores their immense significance in maintaining soil health and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Harnessing this hidden powerhouse’s power holds the key to fostering a future where healthy soils nurture healthy plants, ensuring food security and environmental well-being. This review explores the multifaceted contributions of soil microbes, highlighting their significance in sustainable agriculture.

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How to cite this article: Neelesh Kumar Maurya Maurya, Microbial Architects of Soil Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Improving Plant Nutrition, Biocontrol, and Phytohormone Production. International Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2024; 10(1): 29-42p.

How to cite this URL: Neelesh Kumar Maurya Maurya, Microbial Architects of Soil Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Improving Plant Nutrition, Biocontrol, and Phytohormone Production. International Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2024; 10(1): 29-42p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/microbial-architects-of-soil-health-a-multifaceted-approach-to-improving-plant-nutrition-biocontrol-and-phytohormone-produ/
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